We specialize in Cebu Sightseeing Tours and we can also customize a Philippine tour for you (like combining Cebu with other Philippine islands like Bohol, Palawan, Siargao or any Philippine island on your wishlist). Sinulog is the time for colorful costumes, fireworks, street fairs and rings with cries of Viva Pit Seor! Find out more information about this unique tradition below. Would love to go though! Lastly, how beautiful is the product? It was the task of the committee to conceptualize the Sinulog festival and make it into a yearly event from then on. When Baladhay got sick, Humabon ordered his tribe to bring Baladhay into a room where the Santo Nio was enthroned. Sadaqah Fund Learn how and when to remove this template message, "FAST FACTS: Things to know about Sinulog", "Cebu's Sinulog: The Grandest Festival in the Philippines | Sugbo.ph", "City Hall clears Compania Maritima lot for Devotee City", "Devotee City to open to out-of-town visitors", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinulog&oldid=1148176566, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 14:39. Ive never been to The Philippines but it is on my bucket list. [2] The festival is nicknamed the "Grandest Festival in the Philippines."[3]. You can visit the neighboring island province of Bohol,just a ferry ride away and is known for being home to the iconic Chocolate Hills. The next time you join the Sinulog Festival, join the millions of devotees say Viva Pit Senyor! (Hail Lord, listen to our prayers!). Thus, if you are thinking of going to the Philippines, then we strongly recommend for you to catch this grand festivity happening every 3rd week of January. On March 16, 1521, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan arrived and planted the cross on the shores of Cebu, claiming the territory for Spain. Sinulog is celebrated on the third Sunday of January, to honor the Santo Nio (Child Jesus). So make sure to hide your stuff well in your pocket or bag and to be aware of your surroundings at all times. . CULTURE IS SOCIAL Thousands to million people participate and socialize in the Sinulog Festival that is held in Cebu City as they want to be part of the experience where they honor the saint and receive blessings from it. See answer Advertisement cutiecake Answer: The festival is done by a dance ritual, in which it tells the story of the Filipino people's pagan past and their acceptance of Christianity. For the successful, they never fail to look back. What Is Sinulog Festival? (Cebuano With English Subtitle) Sinulog dancers perform in the grand festival. Join the grand finale of Sinulog festival with a bang by watching the fireworks display in the evening. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. ; VIVA SEOR SANTO NIO! The Augustinian friars that accompanied Lpez de Legazpi in his expedition built a church on the site where it was found. A quick history lesson on Cebu's Fiesta Seor, Sinulog Festival The Grand Street Parade, which is the focal event for Sinulog Festival, normally starts on the thirdSunday of January at around 8 or 9 in the morning. Students, government and private employees, religious groups, business sectors, and various organizations in the society take part in this grand occasion. The image of Santo Nio is housed at the Basilica Minore del Santo Nio in Cebu City. (Pit means Sangpit in Cebuano dialect means a call or plead. | Source: rappler.com, Generally, the devotees of Sto. Focus on the design of SINULOG EVENTS.A statue of the Sto. Nio, With this, Sinulog is therefore a religious festival that commemorates the Philippines acceptance of a very important gift from Spain, that is, Christianity. There are a plethora of food options to choose from, ranging from street foods, pungko-pungko(Cebus version of eatery), fast foods, specialty restaurants or buffet. Hello everyone! . Cebu's finest talents will also impress you with their amazing voices. To this day, the two-steps forward, one-step backward movement is still used by Santo Nio devotees who believe that it was the Santo Nio's choice to have Baladhay dance. Festival dances are cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments by a community of people sharing the same culture usually done in honor of a Patron Saint or in thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest. The nature of goods to produc , how many legislator's are there in the house of senate as mandated by the constitution?, 1. Sinulog is the ritual prayer-dance honoring Seor Santo Nio or the Child Jesus. Previous Article: The Enduring Times of 2020. It may take a while to be home due to the pandemic. Since Cebu is one of the main transportation hubs in the Philippines, you can visit other top Philippine destinations from Cebu. This was the statue of the baby Jesus that was handed to the Rajah Humabon of Cebu by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. Dont miss to try Cebus specialty dishes like Lechon (roasted pig) and Linarang (sour fish soup) these two comes highly recommended! Cebu City is bursting with festivities every January. It is a combination of Spanish words (Viva and Senyor) and a Cebuano word (Pit which is short for Sangpit). With the drumbeat, the dance movement is a two-step forward and one-step backward. In addition to the Vienna Philharmonic and the ensemble of the Vienna State . Sinulog is one of the country's biggest festivals, attracting more than a million tourists every January. A brief history of Sinulog | Philstar.com This event is frequently used as basis for most Sinulog dances, which dramatize the coming of the Spaniards and the presentation of the Santo Nio to the Queen. Sinulog Festival A Religious and Grand Celebration in Cebu, Philippines! Devotees still use the two-steps forward, one-step backward movement in the belief that it is upon the instructions of Santo Nio. The other natives followed her example, and this event was regarded as the first Sinulog dance. If you want to learn more about the must-buy souvenirs from the Philippines, you may check out this blog. Later on, new buildings will be constructed. People from all walks of life attend for prayer of devotion every Friday. Thank you so much for sharing about this. Despite some rumors to cancel this years celebration because of the on-going pandemic, Sinulog Festival 2021 is expected to push through with an adjusted celebration a more discreet, solemn, controlled and virtual celebration can be expected. Competing cities and municipalities show-off their final performances at the main stage in front of judges and spectators who are willed to pay the entrance fee to watch the full performance. Hi Sue! 9.docx - CULTURE IS SHARED Sinulog Festival is held and Street dance parade with a lady carrying the image of Sto. I dont know of any other festival like this so it made me even more curious! The year 2021 is filled with anticipation as it marks the 500th year as history recounts the arrival of Christianity in the year 1521. The organization of AITF under the leadership of PCI Franz Georsua became the key to a peaceful and more meaningful celebration after controlling most of the street crimes during the said event. Please use the links below for donations: The street dance performers at the stadium stage for their final performance. 1.The legalities of the production Here is the novena mass schedule for your reference: Schedule of Sinulog Novena Mass | Source: sinulog.ph. , pungko-pungko(Cebus version of eatery), fast foods, specialty restaurants or buffet. 2) Watch the Sinulog Festival Grand Parade and Street Dance, 3) Come Prepared: Put on that Must-have Sinulog Signature Items (Shirt, Accessories, Facepaint), If you want to learn more about the must-buy souvenirs from the Philippines, you may check out this, For sure, the days activity will leave your stomach hungry. The last day, after the feast is the awarding of the Sinulog winners. If you're traveling as a couple, bookbeachfront resortsvacation packages for couples so you can also enjoy a romanticbeach vacation. If you like, we can help craft the best Sinulog tour experience for you. Whats the #New Normal with COVID 19 Around the World. Sinulog Observed by Cebu City Type Religious / Cultural Date Third Sunday of January The Sinulog-Santo Nio Festivalis an annual cultural and religious festival held on the third Sunday of January in Cebu Cityand is the centre of the Santo NioCatholic Christian celebrations in the Philippines. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), The Song Bato Balani sa Gugma Touching Lives of Cebuanos, Celebrating Chinese New Year in Cebu Philippines Vinn En Route. Ans: how can you apply organic fertilizer and pesticide in your plant at your home and in school and make a report on the findings?, If given a chance to become a counselor and choose a kind of advice to give to a person, what would it be and why? Sinulog Festival 2023 | CebuFest Want to experience an explosion of color and culture in a one-of-a-kind festivity? Visitors from across the world will also benefit from making Sinulog Festival and Cebu the gateway to their Philippine trip. The dance is the reenactment of the story of Magellans arrival in Cebu and the spread of Christianity. Here's the catch-22: as a part of the Dance Web program, we are expected to co-fund our scholarship at a cost of EUR 2250 ($2,422 USD) ++ to cover all those pesky living expenses and flights that require us to pay out of pocket. Pilgrims Center, Osmea Blvd, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu, Philippines, Ending the week with an awesome hamam and massage. Sa among pinalangga (To Our Beloved), VIVA PIT SEOR! We specialize in. Schedule of Sinulog Novena Mass | Source: Sinulog Festival 2021 Schedule of Activities. For now, I am connecting online with people back home just like the rest of us! Experience the ultimate island life in Palawan, the Last Frontier of the Philippines. The theme of Sinulog Festival 2021 is A New Life in Faith, Hope and Love. The festival is a dance ritual which tells the story of the Filipino peoples pagan past and their acceptance of Christianity. . Nio is suspended and will instead be live-streamed on the churchsofficial Facebook page and Youtube account. Cite Our culture is greatly influenced by the Spanish colonization. what is strength and weaknesses and threats of marketing feasibility? Here are just a few of these events: House-Kissed Music Festival, (January 18, from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm) at SM Seaside City Concert Grounds. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, What is Culture shared in sinulog festival. At the time when Spain sent expeditions to the Philippines, they were under the Habsburg dynasty. This was one of the most important events in the religious history of the Philippines as it paved the way to the birth of Christianity in the country. Whaleshark swimming in Donsol & beach holiday in Visayas, 28th World Travel Awards: Philippines Leading Tour Operator, Mantayupan Falls in Barili, Cebu: The Tallest Waterfalls in Cebu, Our Story About the Philippines | A Customer Review, Dao Falls in Samboan, Cebu: A Must-See Waterfall in the Philippines, Agritourism in the Philippines: Forging New Heights as an Agritourism Destination, Rice Cooker Recipes: Easy Quarantine Cooking, Quarantine Life of a Traveler: Managing My Itchy Feet During a Pandemic, A Step by Step Guide on How to Get a Travel Authority in Philippines. Nio during the Sinulog Festival, Experience Sinulog at the Historical City of Cebu. His Holiness exudes the room and you can feel your heart melting in awe of His presence. I started my way from Nicosia about 1500 to Finikoudes, This article about #NewNormal is all about coping the pandemic, COVID 19 and a glimpse of future travels might be, One thing is so obvious is the heat is on! Theres so much going on at the grand parade and it is better if you are in for the occasion. Indeed, the busiest time in Cebu! If you havent touchdown Cebu Philippines yet, I hope you experience our Sinulog Festival A Glorious Celebration. With this, Sinulog has become the biggest and grandest festival of the country. Sinulog dancers perform in the grand festival Sinug is still being performed by cultural groups and older women who offer prayers at the Basilica every day, Garcia said. For now, the local government unit (LGU) is preparing for a conservative celebration with no live audience, minimal physical contact, heightened safety protocols and mostly live-streamed. Sinulog Festival: The Grandest Festival in the Philippines Sinulog Festival: What You Should Know About Sinulog - Kapwa Travel The image of Santo Nio is housed at the Basilica Minore del Santo Nio in Cebu City. Because of the threat of COVID-19 especially with the possible spread of the new variant, this years celebration will be a more controlled gathering of people. A replica of the image can be seen at the churchs main altar as well as in the side chapel where people fall in a long queue for a chance to touch and whisper their deepest prayers to the miraculous image. About The Sinulog Festival The Sinulog festival is one of the grandest and most colorful festivals in the Philippines with a very rich history. The famous historical landmark, Magellans Cross. | Source: cebudailynews.inquirer.net. [neutrality is disputed] The first of these conversions happened in 1521 on the island of Cebu, when Indianized-Sanskritized ruler Rajah Humabon and his queen Amihan (Humamay) were baptized along with their subjects, becoming Carlos and Juana of Cebu.[4]. It is the first [] Sinulog dance is another way to give tribute to Sto. , the original and oldest Christian relic is still enshrined and kept there. Thank you , Wow, the pictures, the video, and reading you talk about it make this festival look pretty amazing. Not only that it is the start of an amazing year, but, it ignites the opening of the most festive celebration across the country. It's during the parade's street dancing, that you'll spot the trademark dance steps - one step forward and . Sinulog Festival is a week-long celebration in honor of Santo Nio (Holy Child). In turn, Baladhay danced with the little child and explained that he was dancing the movements of the river. , This was such a wonderful and heartfelt post! In this video, I will explain to you the facts about Sinulog Festival in Cebuano Language with English Subtitle.Hello! And so long, what has been. [9], The Sinulog committee then incorporated the two-headed eagle to a native warrior's shield. Sinulog Festival or Santo Nino/Sto. For divers, you can do the sardine run tour at Moalboal, or go on aMactan island hopping like a day tourat Hilutungan Island and Nalusuan Islandwhere you can go snorkeling and diving in Cebu. It is not uncommon to hear people who faintduring the festival due to heat and crowd. Hi Molly thanks for the kind feedback. Here is the map of the Basilica to guide you in exploring the roads and the places I mentioned. It certainly cast a gloomy atmosphere in the city. Dating back 15th century during the Ottoman period here in #Cyprus, 1st read for 2022! What to Expect: What is Sinulog Festival all about? Your email address will not be published. We work with reliable local partners and we have a dedicated team of experts that can help plan your next Philippine trip. Every time I hear the Sinulog beat, it always takes me back to the years of attending the Sinulog festival. It sounds (and looks) amazing thank you for sharing it! I could feel how much you miss it, the longing seeps through your words. The wide sky of Cebu lit up with colorful firework display leaving everyone in awe for an exuberant celebration of culture and faith. Many of us, in third-world countries, especially the Philippines have our shares of hardships. I would love to go to Cebu, or the Philippines in general. You might be wondering why is there so much devotion for the child Jesus? But as the years go by, it has become a festival that has drawn in people from around the world. Such a shame that they cant celebrate this year on the centenary. What an incredible sight to see the intricate and colorful costumes and props, artistic choreography, and drum beats that make you dance too! This is to avoid the crowd who are trying to come to Cebu for the Sinulog weekend. The Sinulog Festival is the cultural aspect of Fiesta Seor, which brings together Sinulog Festival are not only popular with the Filipinos but also to other people from foreign land. 253. Check out his works on this website. 10 Festivals In The Philippines That Exude Culture And Color We are invited to practice and show our devotion to Santo Nio with utmost diligence to the prevailing safety protocols to ensure everyones safety. If you want to explore the island's waters, you should also check out Cebu's top dive spots. Photos by The Forest Camp Resort/Nay Palad Hideaway Bali is a go-to spot for travelers wanting to escape to idyllic beaches and breathtaking backdrops with majestic temples overlooking the sea. Cebu is also home to adrenaline-pumping activities amidst a stunning nature backdrop that are popular in Philippine tour packages, like tours to Kawasan Falls, which you can also explore by joininga canyoneering tour. Check our Cebu-Bohol itinerary guide to help you plan your trip. I'm proud to represent one of my country's most well-known culture, known as the Sinulog Festival! A celebration in honor of Sto. Wow, Vinn, Im not surprised youre a little nostalgic though, these are incredible festivals. Sinulog is held in celebration of one of the country's most famous historic relics: the Santo Nio de Ceb. Check our COVID-19 travel advisory page for details. Explore more of Cebu City and the province. Here is the novena mass schedule for your reference: Schedule of Sinulog Novena Mass | Source: sinulog.ph. It takes months for the preparation of the grand parade. Recently, we have participants from abroad too. 0. Thus, if you are thinking of going to the Philippines, then we strongly recommend for you to catch this grand festivity happening every 3rd week of January. It may be a lot of noise, chaotic plus the heat. Thanks for sharing. So take a night walk from Basilica Minore del Santo Nio to Magellans Cross, offer a candle and prayers while learning about the colorful history of Cebu. It's best to bring a refillable tumbler or water bottle to lessen the waste as well. | Source: asiasociety.org. The native shield is supposed to symbolize the Philippines resistance to colonization while the Santo Nio's coat of arms printed on its face represented the country's acceptance of Roman Catholicism. People struggle to make ends meet every day and we take refuge spiritually for graces, guidance, and strength. , e Culture consists of the intellectual, artistic, and social ideals, and institutions where members of the society profess and strive to confirm. One thing for sure is that spirituality gives meaning and purpose to our lives. Special thanks to Ryan Araneta, a fellow Cebuano and Lifestyle Photographer based in Texas, USA for the awesome Sinulog Photos! (Photo from Sugbo.ph) CEBU CITY Sinulog Festival, one of the countrys most prestigious cultural and religious festivities, is pushing through in 2021 if things normalize", Mayor Edgardo Labella here announced late Sunday night. The Sinulog celebration draw more than 300,000 tourists every year, both pilgrims and spectators. What to produce Nio which leads to the safety of the townspeople from the attacks of the pirates. The Philippines sits roughly 900 miles above the equator and is situated near the Pacific Rim, giving it year-long summer weather that is punctuated by monsoon rains and frequent typhoons. January has always been the most anticipated month in the Philippine Calendar. So, visit whenever you can! Check out our Cebu to Baguio itinerary, Cebu to Siargao itinerary, and Cebu to Dumaguete itinerary if you're looking to explore more top destinations from Cebu. Absolutely! In 1981 the following year, the concept of the Sinulog Parade was actualized involving not just Cebu but also representatives from other provinces in the Philippines . Though another option is going by car, there are a lot of tour companies where you can arrange for a city tour and guides are more than happy to tell you stories and our history. Cebu also now has direct flights to the reopened Baguio Loakan Airport in North Luzon, where you can enjoy the cool breeze and slurp hot strawberry taho and go on a picnic at Baguio's nature parks like Camp John Hay where the popular The Manor hotel in Baguio is also located. The Sinulog Festival Sinulog is a prayer-ritual dance in honor of the child Jesus. Whaleshark swimming in Donsol & beach holiday in Visayas, Devies Top 10 Hidden Gems in the Philippines, Atmosphere Resort | An Integrated Diving Center & Boutique Resort in Negros, Earth Day 2021: Clean-up Drive & Trash Bin Project with BAKA-C, 28th World Travel Awards: Philippines Leading Tour Operator, Christmas in the Philippines: 10 Unique Filipino Christmas Traditions, Rice Cooker Recipes: Easy Quarantine Cooking. Bring water with you to avoid dehydration. The word Sinulog comes from the word " sulog " which means, "water current," in reference to Cebu as a coastal settlement. The Church of the Child Jesus or The Basilica of Santo Nino is always at the heart of every Cebuano. Albeit we come from different religious backgrounds or have different expressions in our spirituality. A popular theme among Sinulog dances is Queen Juana holding the Santo Nio in her arms and using it to bless her people who were often afflicted with sickness believed to be caused by demons and other evil spirits. Hope you had a wonderful Christmas holiday! Descriptive Essay on Festival Dances - Free Essay Example - Edubirdie The wide sky of Cebu lit up with colorful firework display leaving everyone in awe for an exuberant celebration of culture and faith. All-year-round, you can see women dressed in yellow at the Basilica Minore del Santo Nio which offers a prayer or novena along with candles and the Sinulog dance for people who request them, in exchange for a minimal donation/amount. 120-150 USD150-200 USD200-300 USD300-500 USDover 500 USD, Automated page speed optimizations for fast site performance, Street dance parade with a lady carrying the image of Sto. People of all ages, both performers and spectators, dance in a festive mood the Sinulog dance as they stroll the streets of Cebu during the Sinulog grand parade. A celebration in honor of Sto. Over the years it has risen to a vibrant cosmopolitan city attracting millions of tourists all year round. We know where we came from and we desire to pay forward the blessings we receive. Sinulog is a full-scale celebration a spectrum of fun-filled activities such as concerts, cultural shows, and street parades also come about throughout the month-long celebration. With this, Sinulog is therefore a religious festival that commemorates the Philippines acceptance of a very important gift from Spain, that is, Christianity. I would love to visit Cebu for this. -festive music, street dancing, vibrant costumes, crowd of people wearing their brightest smiles and shouting with glee Viva Pit Senyor!. | Source: Insiders Tips: Must-Do Experience on Sinulog Festival, 1) Visit the miraculous image of Santo Nio at Basilica Minore del Santo Nio. So happy to share this story with the world! It is where the famous explorer Ferdinand Magellan first landed in 1521, making Cebu the oldest settlement in the Philippines. So colourful and eye catching, Hello! Hello John! His Holiness exudes the room and you can feel your heart melting in awe of His presence. Pit Seor too! The props and costumes are very artistic. For 32 years, the Sinulog Festival is a traditional celebration in Cebu City held every third Sunday of January to honor the Santo Nio (Child Jesus). Youll also get the latest updates on this years adjusted celebration due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In compliance with the quarantine restrictions, outdoor activities in honor of Santo Nio are canceled including all public masses (there will be virtual masses instead) plus the following Sinulog traditions: 1) Penitential walk with Jesus; 2) Penitential walk with Mary; 3) Traslacion; 4) Fluvial Procession and Re-enactment; and 5) Solemn Foot Procession. What characteristic of global citizenship do I possess and what characteristics do I still need to develop in order to be a global citizen? Oo Addy meron na. Today, the Philippines proudly boasts to be the only Christian nation in Asia with more than 86% Roman Catholics. See you in Sinulog! These costumes are incredible! You can also book Cebu tour packages that already include airfare, accommodations, hotel transfers, and more for a hassle-free vacation. Hope you will have an awesome holiday soon in the Philippines. Want a local viewpoint on what to do and see during your visit? saanong paraan?, interview of the different sector of society, 1. Sinulog: What to Expect at this Epic Philippine Fiesta - Culture Trip What is the shared culture of sinulog festival? - Brainly A small island in the Visayas Region with pristine beaches, white and powdery sands. The reason why I suggested these places simply because this is the core of Cebu. Here, you will feel the overall festive vibe of the city and party like the locals. . Download. Wow, Im happy to know that the Philippines is on your bucket list! SINULOG festival is one of the majestic and lively festivals in the Philippines. The parade was composed of students dressed in Knitted Filipiniana costumes, dancing the Sinulog to the beating of drums. For those been away from home, how much do you miss Cebu? Celebrating Chinese New Year in Cebu Philippines. | Source: For a more detailed history of Sinulog, you may want to check out this. Discover all the adventures you can experience in the Philippines. Sinulog Festival: Why is Sinulog Festival Celebrated Enjoy street parties and live bands. Make sure to have them! I dont think Ive ever experienced anything like these, but never say never! Nio, With this, Sinulog is therefore a religious festival that commemorates the Philippines acceptance of a very important gift from Spain, that is, Christianity. There are so many challenges with crowd control and add to the fact that we are facing an invisible enemy. Dont bring too many valuables with you. Im a thousand miles away and all I could do is to stream online the novena masses. What a beautiful place, I hope youre able to visit home soon. Because of demand, some hotels also raise their rates during the Sinulog season. Now that the New Year festivities are over, life goes back to routine for most people. This street exploration by foot may not be for everyone. If you are planning to join the street parties, make sure not to drive afterward. Today, with the pandemic, we fervently pray for a miracle to end this. This festival commemorates the acceptance of the statue of the baby Jesus and the start of Christianity. Prior to this, Filipinos only worshipped local gods which are often related to animism and paganism. I may warn you of possible pickpocketers especially on the sidewalk and in the market. (I am always looking foward for the balloon after the mass!). To this day, the two-steps forward, the one-step backward movement is still used by Santo Nio devotees who believe that it was the Santo Nio's choice to have Baladhay dance. Its like canceling history. Thank you so much . During my visit, I do see tourist backpackers roaming the city. The Basilica is also just the Magellans Cross, a famous landmark not only in Cebu but of the country in general. Here are 5 insider tips to help you make the most of your Sinulog Festival experience. The surrounding roads are close to give way to pedestrians. Sinulog: A Kaleidoscope of Culture and Heritage - Medium The festival celebrates Cebuano's culture and history and is an . It is celebrated on the 3rd week of January every year. Sometimes when I look around I see faces of hope and surrender to the Holy One. The dance is categorized into Sinulog-base, free-interpretation, and street dancing. What is the shared culture of sinulog festival? The expedition led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi bombarded the native settlement when they arrived on April 28, 1565. What to expect? In this article I am taking you to my hometown, my city is even brighter in January as we prepare the celebration every third Sunday of this month. The parade and street dancing lasts for hours but the grand performances are held at a big stadium at Cebu City Sports Center. Below is the Calendar of Activities for Sinulog Festival 2021: Sinulog Festival 2021 Calendar of Activities | Source: sinulog.ph.
Clunking Noise When Turning Steering Wheel Back And Forth,
Grape Street Crips Newark,
Texas Hill Country Land With Barndominium,
Articles S