3. the stronger the attraction between particles, the greater the surface tension. Connective tissue is a heterogeneous tissue class with assorted cell shapes and tissue architecture. Connective tissue in the tendon does not have abundant blood supply and heals slowly. Dense connective tissue proper is richer in fibers and may be regular, with fibers oriented in parallel as in ligaments and tendons, or irregular, with fibers oriented in several directions. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue, the perichondrium, encapsulates the cartilage. This tissue is no longer present after birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the body. energy storage, padding between joints and organs, heat conversion ( surrounds joints organs, dermis of skin) . It can appear yellow and owes its color to carotene and related pigments from plant food. OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology (CC BY 4.0). Consistency is a measure of how a liquid material reacts to gravity. Bone is a highly vascularized tissue. Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet She issues a stern warning about the risk of aggravating the condition and the possibility of surgery. Cartilage and bone are supportive tissue. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. The histology of transverse tissue from long bone shows a typical arrangement of osteocytes in concentric circles around a central canal. Connective Tissue: Tendinitis Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? Connective tissue proper > loose - gel-like matrix w/ all 3 fiber types - cells and fibroblasts, machrophages, mast cells, WBC - wraps/cushions organs - macrophages eat bacteria - role w/ inflammation - holds/conveys tissue fluid - found under epithelia, forms lamina propria of mucus membrane and packages organs and surrounds capillaries Dense irregular elastic tissues give arterial walls the strength and the ability to regain original shape after stretching ([link]). The macrophage cell is a large cell derived from a monocyte, a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from the blood vessels. This tissue is no longer present after birth, leaving only scattered mesenchymal cells throughout the body. In this way, specialized lymphatic capillaries transport absorbed fats away from the intestine and deliver these molecules to the blood. For a current set up in wire for 28.0 d, a total of, 1.3610261.36 \times 10 ^ { 26 } By the end of this section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Reticular tissue is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). She interrupts your protests that you cannot stop playing. She consoles you by mentioning that well known tennis players such as Venus and Serena Williams and Rafael Nadal have also suffered from tendinitis related injuries. Brown adipose tissue is thermogenic, meaning that as it breaks down fats, it releases metabolic heat, rather than producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a key molecule used in metabolism. Severe cases of tendinitis can even tear loose a tendon. After examining your swollen wrist, the doctor in the emergency room announces that you have developed wrist tendinitis. * Cover and support structures. It can appear yellow and owes its color to carotene and related pigments from plant food. These cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair and healing of damaged tissue. Why does an injury to cartilage, especially hyaline cartilage, heal much more slowly than a bone fracture? These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the movement of the body. Provides reserve fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organ Under skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, within abdomen, and in breasts areolar Wraps and cushions organs, its macrophages phagocytize bacteria, plays an important role in inflammation, and holds and conveys tissue fluid Widely distributed under epithelia, forms . Adipose tissue consists mostly of fat storage cells, with little extracellular matrix (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Fibroblasts are present in all connective tissue proper ([link]). Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. They are found throughout the body, but are most abundant in the reticular tissue of soft organs, such as liver and spleen, where they anchor and provide structural support to the parenchyma (the functional cells, blood vessels, and nerves of the organ). Fibroblasts are the most abundant and secrete many protein fibers, adipocytes specialize in fat storage, hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow give rise to all the blood cells, chondrocytes form cartilage, and osteocytes form bone. Concept Map of Tissues Flashcards | Quizlet Anatomy & Physiology Ch 4 Tissues and Functions - Quizlet Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Adipose. From top, LM 300, LM 1200, LM 1016. The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the clear, viscous, colorless matrix you now know as ground substance. A plate of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bone allows continued growth until adulthood. types of tissue function Flashcards | Quizlet There are two major categories of dense connective tissue: regular and irregular. Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. BIOLOGY CH2: TISSUE & ORGAN SYSTEM Flashcards | Quizlet Loose connective tissue proper includes adipose tissue, areolar tissue, and reticular tissue. . That dull ache in the wrist that you ignored through the summer is now an unbearable pain. -Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid. Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are responsible for the defense of the organism against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. While older adults are at risk for tendinitis because the elasticity of tendon tissue decreases with age, active people of all ages can develop tendinitis. Bones are made of a rigid, mineralized matrix containing calcium salts, crystals, and osteocytes lodged in lacunae. and you must attribute OpenStax. Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Connective Tissue Examples. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, a variety of specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins in a liquid extracellular matrix. Although repetitive motions are unavoidable in many activities and may lead to tendinitis, precautions can be taken that can lessen the probability of developing tendinitis. Areolar and Adipose matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers Brown adipose tissue is more common in infants, hence the term baby fat. In adults, there is a reduced amount of brown fat and it is found mainly in the neck and clavicular regions of the body. Both tissues have a variety of cell types and protein fibers suspended in a viscous ground substance. These layers are organized into the superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous fascia (Figure \(\PageIndex{9}\)). In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. Chemistry: Liquids Flashcards | Quizlet Both strong and flexible, it is found in the rib cage and nose and covers bones where they meet to form moveable joints. These combine to form a proteoglycan with a protein core and polysaccharide branches. Can you name the 10 tissue types shown in the histology slides? Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose A. cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers, B. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers, C. collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers. In contrast, fixed macrophages are permanent residents of their tissues. areolar matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: adipose matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: dense connective tissue matrix includes ground substance and the following fibers: connective tissue that transports materials in a plasma matrix is: connective tissue that stores minerals and anchors muscles is, connective tissue that covers and protects the ends of long bones is, compact bone matrix includes nonfibrous ____________. These serve to hold organs and other tissues in place and, in the case of adipose tissue, isolate and store energy reserves. This book uses the It serves to connect the cutaneous membrane to the underlying organs. In fluid connective tissue, in other words, lymph and blood, various specialized cells circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins. Specialized cells in connective tissue defend the body from microorganisms that enter the body. Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid . The macrophage cell is a large cell derived from a monocyte, a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from the blood vessels. function of simple columnar epithelium with microvilli, in ___________ , the entire secretory cell ruptures, releasing secretions and dead cell fragments (e.g., sebaceous glands), __________ secrete their products by exocytosis (e.g., sweat, pancreas, salivary), connective tissue that conveys tissue fluids and strengthens organs is_______, connective tissue that stores fat and protects organs is ______, connective tissue that attaches muscle and bones is__________. A few distinct cell types and densely packed fibers in a matrix characterize these tissues. The mast cell, found in connective tissue proper, has many cytoplasmic granules. 3. Connective Tissue Flashcards | Quizlet Nutrients, salts, and wastes are dissolved in the liquid matrix and transported through the body. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. (Micrographs provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), Blood is a fluid connective tissue containing erythrocytes and various types of leukocytes that circulate in a liquid extracellular matrix. Osteocytes, bone cells like chondrocytes, are located within lacunae. There are two major categories of dense connective tissue: regular and irregular. Under the microscope, tissue samples appear clear. Organ capsules (collagenous type) and walls of arteries (elastic type) contain dense irregular connective tissue. (b) Dense irregular connective tissue consists of collagenous fibers interwoven into a mesh-like network. Your opponent stands ready as you prepare to hit the serve, but you are confident that you will smash the ball past your opponent. Leukocytes, white blood cells, are responsible for defending against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. Holds and conveys tissue fluid Locations: 1. Embedded within the cartilage matrix are chondrocytes, or cartilage cells, and the space they occupy are called lacunae (singular = lacuna). The external ear contains elastic cartilage. Q. Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? (b) Fibrocartilage provides some compressibility and can absorb pressure. Persons whose jobs and hobbies involve performing the same movements over and over again are often at the greatest risk of tendinitis. A few distinct cell types and densely packed fibers in a matrix characterize these tissues. Collagen fibers, while flexible, have great tensile strength, resist stretching, and give ligaments and tendons their characteristic resilience and strength. DESCRIPTION: single layer of flattened cells FUNCTION: allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important secretes lubrication substances in serosae LOCATION: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, line of ventral body cavity Collagen fibers are made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. Loose connective tissue is found between many organs where it acts both to absorb shock and bind tissues together. In contrast, white fat adipocytes store lipids as a single large drop and are metabolically less active. Roaming, or free, macrophages move rapidly by amoeboid movement, engulfing infectious agents and cellular debris. Click at the bottom of the quiz for the answers. areolar. Can you name the 10 tissue types shown in the histology slides? The mesenchymal cell is a multipotent adult stem cell. Some cells have the ability to cross the endothelial layer that lines vessels and enter adjacent tissues. Your opponent stands ready as you prepare to hit the serve, but you are confident that you will smash the ball past your opponent. PDF Lab Activity 4 - Portland Community College Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column. What is the current? Connective tissues separate and cushion organs, protecting them from shifting or traumatic injury. Secreted by fibroblasts, ground substance is made of polysaccharides, specifically hyaluronic acid, and proteins. Macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells are found in connective tissue proper but are actually part of the immune system protecting the body. The ligaments in the vocal folds and between the vertebrae in the vertebral column are elastic. This page titled 3.4: Connective Tissue is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Whitney Menefee, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, & Kim-Leiloni Nguyen (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) . Connective Tissue Supports and Protects OpenStaxCollege Muscle Tissue and Motion OpenStaxCollege Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response OpenStaxCollege Tissue Injury and Aging OpenStaxCollege The Integumentary System Introduction OpenStaxCollege Layers of the Skin OpenStaxCollege Accessory Structures of the Skin OpenStaxCollege then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Supportive connective tissuebone and cartilageprovide structure and strength to the body and protect soft tissues. This type of tissue gives the walls of large arteries and respiratory passages strength and the ability to regain original shape after stretching. type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue synovial membrane connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication tight junction forms an impermeable barrier between cells tissue group of cells that are similar in form and perform related . Surrounds capillaries. White adipose tissue can be found protecting the kidneys and cushioning the back of the eye. Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, the thick band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. Types of Tissues Flashcards | Quizlet The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. In bone, the matrix is rigid and described as calcified because of the deposited calcium salts. The formed elements circulating in blood are all derived from hematopoietic stem cells located in bone marrow ([link]). A large number of capillaries allow rapid storage and mobilization of lipid molecules. Adipose cells store surplus energy in the form of fat and contribute to the thermal insulation of the body. Fibrocartilage is tough because of extra collagen fibers and forms, among other things, the intervertebral discs. As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Connective Tissue Flashcards | Chegg.com Their effectiveness at storing large amounts of fat is witnessed in obese individuals. Tug gently at your ear lobes, and notice that the lobes return to their initial shape. This tissue gives rigid support as well as elasticity. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. Location: widely distributed under epithelia of body, mucous membranes, packages organs, surrounds capillaries Blood Function: Transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances Location: within blood vessels Bone View the University of Michigan Webscope to explore the tissue sample in greater detail. All of the preventive measures aim to increase the strength of the tendon and decrease the stress put on it. These serve to hold organs and other tissues in place and, in the case of adipose tissue, isolate and store energy reserves. It forms the lamina propria of mucus membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries. Other cells move in and out of the connective tissue in response to chemical signals. Most widely distributed connective tissue / Soft, pliable tissue / Contains all fiber types / Can soak up excess fluid Adipose Tissue Matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate / Many cells contain large lipid deposits / Functions: insulates the body, protects some organs, serves as a site of fuel storage What attribute of collagen is the source of its great tensile strength? Wraps and cushions organs 2. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), This is a loose connective tissue that consists of fat cells with little extracellular matrix. The game is over for now. As you toss the ball high in the air, a burning pain shoots across your wrist and you drop the tennis racket. For the passionate athlete, it may be time to take some lessons to improve technique. (Micrograph provided by the Regents of University of Michigan Medical School 2012), Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Identify and distinguish between the types of connective tissue: proper, supportive, and fluid, Explain the functions of connective tissues, cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers, cells, ground substance, and protein fibers, collagen, ground substance, and protein fibers. In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. Visit this link to test your connective tissue knowledge with this 10-question quiz. In other tissues, stretching in several directions is achieved by alternating layers where fibers run in the same orientation in each layer, and it is the layers themselves that are stacked at an angle. Q. Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. Many different cells contribute to the formation of connective tissues. What is tendinitis and how did it happen? The lymphatic system is a part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph unidirectionally towards the heart. The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the clear, viscous, colorless matrix you now know as ground substance. The superficial fascia is found just deep to the cutaneous membrane (or skin) and is typically composed of a combination of areolar and adipose connective tissues. Heparin, also released as part of the inflammatory response, acts as an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. Cross-linking . Cancellous bone, also known as spongy bone, looks like a sponge under the microscope (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)) and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. It provides protection to internal organs and supports the body. This is probably ________. (a) Hyaline cartilage provides support with some flexibility. It makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation. Collagen, Reticular, Elastic. LM 400. She issues a stern warning about the risk of aggravating the condition and the possibility of surgery. Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than does loose connective tissue. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release histamine, an inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching, swelling, and redness you recognize as an allergic response. Loose connective tissue proper includes adipose tissue, areolar tissue, and reticular tissue. Fibroblasts produce this fibrous tissue. With proper rest and managed care, you will be back on the court to hit that slice-spin serve over the net. Answer: Click at the bottom of the quiz for the answers. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Transport of fluid, nutrients, waste, and chemical messengers is ensured by specialized fluid connective tissues, such as blood and lymph. A and P 1 Unit one chapters 1-4 Flashcards | Quizlet One of the main functions of connective tissue is to integrate organs and organ systems in the body. (c) Elastic cartilage provides firm but elastic support. Cartilaginous tissue is avascular, thus all nutrients need to diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. Cartilaginous tissue is avascular, thus all nutrients need to diffuse through the matrix to reach the chondrocytes. Human Anatomy and Physiology Global Edition - (4 - Tissue - Studocu Areolar tissue underlies most epithelia and represents the connective tissue component of epithelial membranes, which are described further in a later section. CH 11: Surface Tension, Viscosity, Capillary Action The matrix contains very few blood vessels. Blood cells, and the cells of all other connective tissues, come from the same kind of embryonic stem cell. Anatomy Chapter 4: Tissues Flashcards | Quizlet Leukocytes, white blood cells, are responsible for defending against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. In all cases, overuse of the joint causes a microtrauma that initiates the inflammatory response. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. Creative Commons Attribution License Hyaline cartilage is smooth and clear, covers joints, and is found in the growing portion of bones. Connective tissue in the tendon does not have abundant blood supply and heals slowly. A layer of dense irregular connective tissue covers cartilage. She recommends icing the tender area, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication to ease the pain and to reduce swelling, and complete rest for a few weeks. with stands great tensile strength in one direction ( tendons, ligaments) dense . That dull ache in the wrist that you ignored through the summer is now an unbearable pain. Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, the thick band of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. Dense connective tissue is reinforced by bundles of fibers that provide tensile strength, elasticity, and protection. Connect tissues provide support and assist movement, store and transport energy molecules, protect against infections, and contribute to temperature homeostasis. Function: Wraps and cushions organs, macrophages phagocytize bacteria, holds and conveys tissue fluid. capillary action: If the adhesive forces are _____ than the cohesive forces, the attraction to the surface draws the liquid up the tube and the cohesive forces pull along those molecules not in direct contact with the tube walls Protection is another major function of connective tissue, in the form of fibrous capsules and bones that protect delicate organs and, of course, the skeletal system. The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the fibroblast. Reticular fiber is also formed from the same protein subunits as collagen fibers; however, these fibers remain narrow and are arrayed in a branching network. For active individuals, stretches before exercising and cross training or changing exercises are recommended. interstitial fluid, proteoglycans, and cell adhesion proteins, ________ is not striated and is under involuntary control, ________ is striated and is under involuntary control, ductless glands that secrete hormones are called ________, examples of _________ include: tubular glands, simple glands, and glands that secrete sweat, _________ is a richly vascularized connective tissue and consists of more cells than extracellular matrix. 1. the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid (surfactant) 2. a measure of the inward pull by interior particles. Exercise 5: classification of tissues Flashcards | Quizlet Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. Cartilage and bone are supportive tissue. Collagen fiber is made from fibrous protein subunits linked together to form a long and straight fiber. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. The game is over for now. In other tissues, stretching in several directions is achieved by alternating layers where fibers run in the same orientation in each layer, and it is the layers themselves that are stacked at an angle. - Relative strength: - Function: wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid. Under membranes there can be several different layers of connective tissues, known as fascia, that function to connect internal structures to the rest of the body. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. A few cells can be seen squeezed between the fibers. delicate network of interwoven fibers. 4.3B: Types of Connective Tissue - Medicine LibreTexts This is due to what is behind each of the properties. Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, & Nervous Tissue Flashcards