Hello Cathy, indeed no close photo of the ship, the closest i found for the figurehead (if this is the same) is this The Lightning set the all-time record Read More The most famous Australian clipper of that era was the James Baines (1850). Three decks, a poop deck, two deck houses and a topgallant forecastle provided the accommodations for three classes of passengers and the 100 men crew whose bunks were built in the forecastle and in a deck house abaft the foremast. Apart some exploits like the Challenger carrying almost her own construction price with her tightly packed tea and precious silks load, Clippers were least and least profitable. We only use premium branded inks, and colours are independently verified to last between 100 and 200 years. Guardians of the Galaxy 3 Review: Rocket Backstory Brings Creepy Heart The Clipper Ship James Baines. Its black hull was embellished with a fine golden band, and ended with an eagle with spread wings, also gilded. [10], Although it is hard to estimate the exact size of the Line's fleet as they used charter ships extensively, at its peak in 1860, the Line had a fleet of 86 ships carrying cargo and passengers out to Australia. Nothing was as fast, even oversailed cutters. The Rainbow was in its time the fastest sailboat. Our expertise and use of high-quality materials means that our print colours are independently verified to last between 100 and 200 years. More on the detail below. I just added the photo on this article BTW. For if the ship was sublime, her crew, force-picked up in the port, consisted mainly of false sailors and unreliable rabble attracted mainly by California gold. Lightning | American clipper ship | Britannica The Lightning set the all-time record for a single days sail, covering 436 nautical miles in 24 h. The Lightning and the James Baines (both launched in 1854. This was the autobahn of the seas. In 1858, Mackay established a separate office of the company in London. They played their part in the independence, scouting for the insurgents, and were very fast thanks to their V-shaped cross-section below the waterline, strongly raked stem and masts. With a 7/1 ratio she often rolled badly in heavy weather so much so sailors nicknamed her the diving bell. The Thermopylae is certainly less known than the Cutty Sark, but she was nevertheless one of the key legends of the Clippers time; Its actually her who holds the record for the fastest tea clipper in the world, winning the Golden Rooster, breaking all established records, and motivating the owner of the rival company arming the Cutty Sark to build another clipper. One such vessel converted to passengers and mail was the City of Adelaide, designed by William Pile of Sunderland (1864). Its office was located at 6 Cook Street, Liverpool. Her remains, including the most of the undischarged cargo, were abandoned as a total loss amounting to 170,000 to her owner James Baines because the ship's insurance policy had expired three days before. France has one of the finest clippers that roamed the seas, although their story is seldom known in the Anglo-Saxon world, to the point the very term French clipper equates a big interrogation point. Due to the coronovirus pandemic and Brexit situation, current shipping times may be longer, particularly for destinations outside the UK. In July 1857, James Baines (together with Champion of the Seas) was reviewed by Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort Albert while lying in Portsmouth. But clippers were also a way to revolutionize naval architecture, by searching for -empirically- the best hull shape and water lines. The crisis also affected the financial state of the Queensland Government, reducing its ability to financially sustain the flow of immigrants. She was lost on June 19, 1874, loaded with cast iron, running aground, breaking in two off Saint-Jean (New Brunswick). She has a full topgallant focsle, which extends to the foremast and is fitted for the accommodation of her crew; and abaft the foremast a large house, which contains spacious galleys, several staterooms, storerooms, an ice room and shelters a staircase which leads to the decks below. Australian clippers therefore were the last in use anywhere in world, up to the 1890s. Rather than crossing a still untamed wild west by land, they preferred the faster route by sea, via the Cape Horn. She sailed from Boston the 12th September, 1854. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. In addition many new such vessels were developed specifically for war: They were larger and faster yet heavily armed. James Baines was a passenger clipper ship completely constructed of timber in the 1850s and launched on 25 July 1854 from the East Boston shipyard of the famous ship builder Donald McKay in the United States for the Black Ball Line of James Baines & Co., Liverpool. She made another run to Lyttelton on 29 January 1863 with 430 Government immigrants, 30 passengers. Nowadays France has a single of these medium iron clipper preserved for us to see, the 1890s nitrate carrier called the Belem, a familiar sight in tall ships events around the globe. all framed pictures are despatched within 5-7 days via courier or recorded mail. The overall traffic by the Line from England and Scotland to Queensland is estimated at 40,000 new settlers.[10]. Bluss of Dordrecht. Disp. The record-beater Australian clipper Lightning of 1854. The British and the Americans held the highest position during those years from 1820 to 1860. James Baines & Co. of Liverpool was the British shipping company, most famous for the Liverpool Black Ball Line of Australian Packets, a fleet of packet ships running cargo and passenger services between Liverpool, England, and Australia in the second half of the 1800s. Huge, moving 2006 empty barrels, 70 meters long, its very solid hull had iron struts and was 51 cm wide at the waterline, the challenge was also the first to have three decks. (1,280 955 pixels, file size: 895 KB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/, (C) National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, UK, http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/148494. She is frequently assimilated as the first clipper but appeared at a time ships were still bulky and was its own breed, but her influence cant be denied. But soon she was beaten back by the Lightning, made by the same yard for the same company. Your email address will not be published. Despite of this, Clippers, after disembarking passengers in San Francisco often went south, taking the eastern route to Asia and loading previous loads in Shanghai and other port, then sailing to Europe via the Good Hope Cape, and then back to the USA with more migrants. The Kosmopoliet I, launched on 29 November, 1854 by Cornelis Gips and Sons (Dordrecht) for Gebr. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}44S 106E / 44S 106E / -44; 106, Detailed description on www.bruzelius.info, Short ship history taken from Houghton Mifflin's "Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia", The "Blackball line" with house flag on www.fotw.us, The first "Blackball Line" of New York with house flag, House flag of "Jaimes Baines & Co. (Blackball Line)" with smaller "black ball" than that of the American Blackball line house flag, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Baines_(clipper)&oldid=1142545406, 2,515 tons (2,555 tonnes) at 29ft (8.8m) draught (1.000 tons ship mass + 1.455 tons cargo & passengers' mass), 21kn (39km/h) on 17 June 1856 at 44S, 106E; best 24-hour run: 342nmi (633km) in 1854, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:01. I am a Descendant of Captain Ebenezer Linnell, Commander of the Extreme Clipper Ship, The Eagle Wing. As she was built for a passenger shipping line she provided luxury (1st class) accommodations equipped with the finest furniture available and mahogany panelling (wainscots), furthermore with standard rooms for the transportation of 700 passengers. Overall lenght: 235 US feet (71.6 m), 12.7 m (41.8 US feet) wide, 6.55 m (21.6 US feet) draft (2.5 m below beam). She returned to England with a cargo of jute, linseed, raw cowhides and rice. Three decks, a poop deck, two deck houses and a topgallant forecastle provided the accommodations for three classes of passengers and the 100 men crew whose bunks were built in the forecastle and in a deck house abaft the foremast. Popham painting, clipper rainbow. JoAnn Adams The Line carried on under the management of the successors of James Baines & Co., James Baines, Taylor & Co. and T. M. Mackay, Son & Co., relying on chartered ships to maintain its sailing business, but it finally ceased trading in 1871. [7] In 1864 there was an unsuccessful attempt to merge with White Star and Gibbs, Bright and Co. of Liverpool.[8]. The main-skysail mast has been lengthened and fitted with a moonsail later on. This painting depicts three American vessels, the LIGHTNING, JAMES BAINES and RED JACKET in Hobson's Bay, with a view of Port Melbourne in the background. Charles McDonnell, late master of Marco Polo, took command of the ship. Californian-built made Liverpool-Melbourne on a regular basis and her first crossing in 63 days. Their early inspirations has been French luggers operating in the Caribbean. Called Havrais (Form the Havre, main French sailing trade port), or Cap-Hornier (in reference to Cape Horn), the French Clipper era preceded the tall ship traders, generally built in iron and then steel up to 1914. In all, until 1855, some 144 clippers were built on the West coast. Of course the speed was showcased as an argument as tickets prices flamed up in some cases. Her mast-heads and yards were black and equipped with iron caps, the hoops on her masts were held in white as well as the deck houses and rails. He took the risk, like many captains after him, to catch and hold as long as possible the dreaded Roaring Forties. She carried both cargo and passengers, fully rigged with royals and skysails on three masts. This page was last updated at 2023-01-04 04:45 UTC. The Cloud measured 73 meter on the waterline, she was one of the largest. They could have been originated not from the east coast but from the Bermuda sloop, made for open ocean. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. http://www.baltimoreindustrytours.com/shipbuilding.php Fair winds and following seas ! 10 for a single framed print. Prince duelled with the much larger HMS Endymion, while Chasseur captured more vessels than the entire USN. By judging statistics of port-to-port liaisons, American clippers seemed at the top of this game and rule supreme. U-Boat warfare soon condemned the tall ships trade which emerged depleted from the war. Hi! Every framed picture is created by hand in our workshop by specialist framers. The prize ? They certainly made more profit on payload on less expensive goods which freshness was not an issue. Ironclads (1872), Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906), Courageous class aircraft carriers (1928), WW2 British Amphibious Ships and Landing Crafts, Infanta Maria Teresa class cruisers (1890), 600/630 Tonnes Type Submersibles (1925-38), Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype), Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype), Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus), Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype), SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949, Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950, de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN), Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible), Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952, Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953, Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955, Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN, GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971, Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976, Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982, Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986. == {{int:filedesc}} == {{information |description={{en|1=
'''Identifier''': someshipsofclipp00stat ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&fulltext=Search&search=insource%3A%2Fsomeshipsofclipp00stat%2F fin bookpublisher:Boston__Mass____Printed_for_the_State_Street_Trust_Company, bookcontributor:University_of_California_Libraries. For once, we left the guns to rest, and turn the bar back in time, with one of the most glorious page of sail: A long tradition that still is revered around the world, maintained by naval schools and living museums: The magnificent Tall ships and the invention of trading race: The great clippers are unleashed ! Regarding her lines, stem, and bow, she was not as sharp and hollow-lined as her sister ship Lightning or as "full" as her other sister ship Champion of the Seas. France, then far behind its partners in terms merchant tonnage (9th rank), implemented a resolute policy for promoting sail, by offering bonuses to yards, as their total absence of coal consumption made them interesting for carrying particular goods. She srarted as a packet vessel before being chartered by the Australian branch of the White Star Line (Australian packets) running to Australia from England 1854-1855 then by In 1862, she was sold on london, made new voyages to Australia-New Zealand and left Queenstown on 7 October 1863 for Auckland 8 January 1864 with 520 British colonial troops to deal with the Maori insurrection. After this war, American clippers started to link with China and India, bearing some resemblance to the small and sharp-bowed British opium clippers in the 1830s. These two ships made headlines because their ferocious regattas were popular. These first European clippers were indeed those trading between the British Isles. Of course the war of 1914 would cripple this fleet. Unfortunately despite such a rich history, no American clipper has survived. Taeping participated in The Great Tea Race of 1866 and narrowly defeated the Ariel. On Mr James Baines order the ship was equipped and fitted with the best and most modern ship improvements (pumps, windlasses & winches, Crane's self-acting chain-stoppers (invented in 1852)). Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom centre - Clipper ship. James Baines was a very heavily sparred ship being 2,275 GRT (Gross Registered Tons), she was wide, carrying 1,400 tons of cargo in her holds, and accommodating 800 passengers and crew in her 5 decks (3 continuous decks, forecastle and poop decks). Still, Clippers had common characteristics, including a generous sailing area, elongated hull with fine shapes at both ends. Charles McDonnell, late master of Marco Polo, took command of the ship. Donald Mackay never built two ships exactly alike, and the James Baines was of slightly fuller design that the Lightning and yet sharper and longer in the bow than the Champion of the Seas. The Flying Cloud made headlines by linking New York to San Francisco in 89 days 8 hours, through the dreaded cape horn. I also note the following in a Liverpool account: Before the mainmast there are three gallows frames, upon which her spare boats are stowed, bottom up, and over the sides she carries quarter boats, suspended in iron davits. She is so strongly built, so finely finished and is so beautiful a model that even envy cannot prompt a fault against her. There was yet a very young USN (13 october 1775), and alongside the famous super frigates of the USS Constitution class, Baltimore and other ports could offer privateers using Clippers. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-hornier one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines & Co, Liverpool'. I am trying to paint The Eagle Wing and am struggling with accuracy while avoiding plagiarism of the two paintings Ive seen. The following extracts are taken from an account of the James Baines given in the Boston Atlas at the time of her launch:-She has a long, rakish, sharp bow with slightly concave lines below, but convex above, and it is ornamented with a bust of her namesake, which was carved in Liverpool and which is said by those who know the original to be an excellent likeness. By 1863 the first composite tea clipper had iron spars inside its wooden hull plus copper sheathing for anti-fouling. Chas. Looking for information on clipper ship PIDGEON. The ship's hull was diagonally braced with iron, and square-fastened, and all the keelsons and waterways are scarphed and keyed. The lists of Lloyd Registers would certainly help too: https://hec.lrfoundation.org.uk/archive-library/lloyds-register-of-ships-online. Her figure-head wasa bust of her owner, James Baines, and on her stern was a globesupported by the arms of England and America She was sold in Bombay as Golden City, and travelled between India and Hong Kong, then she sailed in 1866 for Wilson and Co. of Britain between Bombay and Java. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. (More to Come), en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper_route Rivalry between the shipping companies who owned RED JACKET and LIGHTNING was fierce, with large sums of money being . The Lightning set the all-time record for a single day's sail, covering 436 nautical miles in 24 h. The Lightning and the James Baines (both launched in 1854 Read More McKay's design In Donald McKay You can explore . The ship's main frame was of white oak, the ceiling, planking, deck-frames and keelsons, of hard pine. She reached the record-breaking speed of 21 knots in 1856 and under Captain C. McConnell made Boston-Liverpool in 12 days, 6 hours. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, The official position taken by the Wikimedia Foundation is that ", The Clipper Ship James Baines - one of the Black Ball Line of Australian Packets belonging to Messrs James Baines and Co, Liverpool RMG PY8547.jpg. The passenger clipper ship 'James Baines', circa 1855. of 1. But on her first trip to China, Captain Land replaced Waterman, considered too tough, together with a better crew. We have learned about Captain Linnell recently but not much else. James Baines & Co. of Liverpool was the British shipping company, most famous for the Liverpool Black Ball Line of Australian Packets, a fleet of packet ships running cargo and passenger services between Liverpool, England, and Australia in the second half of the 1800s. In the end, as the tea trade was no longer profitable, 1870s Clippers were used to carry passengers, migrants to the USA or between coasts and to Australia, notably for the wool trade. @artbyjoannadams, Philip Gunther New zealand Ironclads (1865), Assari Shevket class Ct. Ironclads (1868), Bartolomeu Dias class (28-guns) steam frigates, Dom Fernando I e Gloria (50) Sailing Frigate, Dom Joao I class (14 guns) Sailing corvettes, Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883), La Galissonire Cent. Greetings from NewZealand The Black Ball Line Clipper Ship James Baines' with Troops for India.. Older pictures show the ship with only four square sails on the fore and mizzen masts, and five on the main mast. Your wishlist has been temporarily saved. According to Lubbock, the Queen made remarks to the effect that "she did not know she possessed such a splendid ship in her Mercantile Marine." Hello Joyce, if you count on Google for that, good luck. Follow us in that adventure ! Thank You Helen for your appreciation ! Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}44S 106E / 44S 106E / -44; 106. Where else could I look? Another reference has it that the ship became a landing stage in Liverpool harbour for the debarking steamer passengers. James Baines & Co. operated some of the finest and most famous American clipper ships at the time, such as Champion of the Seas, Flying Cloud, James Baines, Lightning, Indian Queen, Marco Polo, Sovereign of the Seas and many others. She had most of the characteristics of clippers of his time, including concave or hollowed lines forward, a clear innovation at that time, now mainstream in ship construction. all greetings cards are despatched within 1-3 days. //fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissements_Ballande The ship burned down to the waterline. Upon her first arrival in Liverpool a well-known Liverpool ship owner wrote to a Boston newspaper: "You want to know what professional men say about the ship James Baines? The Thermopylae and Cutty Sark were also other famous duellists, making the headlines. By 1856, none was built anymore. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1928. When she first arrived in Liverpool a well-known Liverpool ship owner wrote to a Boston paper: You want to know what professional men say about the ship James Baines? Their shine lasted for just ten years but they will certainly raised the clipper as a genre, as far as possible by using sailing power. On all hands she has been praised as the most perfect sailing ship that ever entered the river Mersey." Donald Mackay never built two ships exactly alike, and the James Baines was of slightly fuller design that the Lightning and yet sharper and longer in the bow than the Champion of the Seas. Her stern is rounded, and although she has a full poop deck, her after body surpasses in neatness that of any vessel her talented builder has yet produced. One of the very first clippers designed by Donald McKay she was inspired by John Willis Griffiths designs and borrowed a lot from his previous Stage Hound, yet better streamlined overall. James Baines (clipper) - Negapedia [3], The conditions on the Line's ships often were quite appalling. Required fields are marked *. The New Yorker 1845 Rainbow, 757 tons OM is now seen widely as the first extreme clipper: Large hull with very fine lines, lost of sail area. Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents, James Baines - Some ships of the clipper ship era, their builders, owners, and captains; (1913) 0045 (14774296724).jpg. James Baines & Co. - Wikipedia Her remains, including the most of the undischarged cargo, were abandoned as a total loss amounting to 170,000 to her owner James Baines because the ship's insurance policy had expired three days before. ), Boston, Mass. While entering the Golden Gate in 1857,she struck Four Fathom Bar off Point Bonita, but managedto reach her wharf with twelve feet of water in her hold. Supposedly an anchor from this ship was recovered from San Francisco Bay off Yerba Buena Island in November 1964 by the Freighter Robin Kirk. Hence the highly competitive nature of these trading regattas. Namesake of James Baines was her owner James Baines of James Baines & Co. of Liverpool and Australian packets and was once described as "the most perfect ship afloat". Clippers were also very safe, fortunately for their precious load. [1] [2] It also traded in India and Crimea. The fact they were very fast and made for speed whereas used for trade with the full knowledge that time was money made them the first clippers. Her maiden voyage in 12 days and six hours from 1224 September 1854 is still today an unbroken sailing ship record measured from East Boston (Boston Light) to Liverpool (Rock Light) - her homeport. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. The fall of this activity was gradual. Any help please ,thanks, Hello Philip, must be Taeping It was indeed quite a famous Clipper, of 1863 built by Robert Steele & Company of Greenock and owned by Captain Alexander Rodger of Cellardyke, Fife. The Challenge is without a doubt the most beautiful and the fastest, the biggest clipper ever built in the USA. She also made a record 24 hours run at 18.2 knots on average, over 432 nautical miles topping at 21 knots in several occasions. The other Europeans followed, and the big four-master or five-master square or schooners iron ships succeeded them until the 1930s. In detail: All three masts (with lower, top, and topgallant masts including royal and skysail masts) had a course sail, a topsail, a topgallant sail, a royal sail, and a skysail. Their unmatched speed prevented them to be caught up and captured by pirates. It is rounded below the line of the plank sheer, is fashioned above in an easy curve, and only shows a few inches of rise above outline of the monkey rail; and as this rise is painted white and rest of the hull black, when viewed broadside on, her sheer appears a continuous line along her entire length. The same year, the British yard Robert Scott & Co delivered in 1853 at Greenock the Lord of the Isles, entirely in iron. Clipper ship 'James Baines' posters & prints by Samuel Walters Send some art to your friends & family - for a birthday, an invitation or just because. Does it most closely resemble the Taeping? Besides these the cabin contains 11 spacious staterooms, a bathroom and other useful apartments. James Baines Modify Page Content Ship Details Rig Clipper ship of the Black Ball Line Tonnage 2515 Voyages View Full List 4 January 1857 James Baines Liverpool Melbourne 8 April 1854 11 February 1855 James Baines Liverpool Melbourne 1856 James Baines Liverpool Williamstown, Vic James Baines Melbourne Liverpool Description In 82 days Media This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. James Baines caught fire on Thursday morning, 22 April 1858 while discharging her cargo in the Huskisson Dock at Liverpool following her only voyage from India. [11][12][13] Overall, more than 400 ships carried British immigrants to Australia during the 1850s and 1860s with the help of James Baines & Co.[3], In 1864, with 13 ships James Baines & Co. was the biggest single buyer of U.S. They only reduced it when crossing the Cape Horn. Best, His James Baines set an around-the-world record of 133 days and a transatlantic record of 12 days 6 hours from Boston to Liverpool. all unframed prints are despatched within 2-4 days via courier or recorded mail. Standard greetings cards are 10 x 15cm (4 x 6 inches); our larger cards are 15 x 21cm (6 x 8 inches). all postcards are despatched within 1-3 days. Please log in or create an account to save it permanently. No permission is required for reuse for any purpose. She is so strongly built, so finely finished and is so beautiful a model that even envy cannot prompt a fault against her. The apple of his great mast was 70 meters high, and the shape of his hull was the thinnest ever seen. 3, directed by James Gunn, starts with talking trash panda Rocket (voiced by Bradley Cooper) quietly humming along to Radiohead's "Creep." Sure ! Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The true first clippers has been the topsail schooners developed in the Chesapeake Bay right before the American Revolution, which took a prominent part in the war of 1812. The damaged hull was sold to the Liverpudlian shipowner Robert Pace for 1,080, who converted it into a coal barge which is said to have collided with another barge in 1860 at Galway harbour, Ireland. Back to the tea race, this year saw three clippers from rival companies competing: The Ariel, Teaping and Serica. Location of original painting unknown. She sailed from Liverpool to Melbourne, Australia, onher first voyage in 69 days, 11 hours. Details 1 folder (.25 linear feet) Passengers contract ticket for steerage passage is dated April 5, 1862 for passage from Liverpool, England to Melbourne, Australia, aboard the Lightning (Ship), one of the ships in the Black Ball and Eagle Line of British and Australian Ex-Royal Mail Packets The great incentive was the 1848 gold rush. http://wenonahhistoricalsociety.org/Eagle-Wing-clipper-ship-model-by-Andrew-W-Carey. This was before steam definitively ruled the seas, when it was still dirty, noisy and unreliable, sometimes bordering to dangerous. McKays Great Republic, registered at about 4,555 tons, was the largest clipper ever built. Running up Channel the wind was strong and fair and very squally, the vessel sometimes making 20 knots an hour between points.
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