PPPL EVMS Page "0G7NCh6(|nzU#T8#? 7 Things to Know Before Selecting Welded Metal Bellows Copyright 1998-2023 engineering.com, Inc. All rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or linking forbidden without expressed written permission. Threaded flanges may be added to the threaded end compensators if a flanged connection is preferred. This may be calculated by determining the required percentage of non-concurrent capacity required to meet each type of specified motion. x\[c~_s1nBnf#URGgd>J_]TzQW?OWy'g|b>>?Eh_=NEym/_z=]? ;_O4QK=6O-|xn|@wP/n7N]PKw6`S19`t%[@;[-ga[l}K5:{Dz|0jfF!"A WebBellows are manufactured from relatively thin-walled tubing to form a corrugated cylinder. 0000013891 00000 n Pressure (P) in pounds per square inch required to compress the bellows any distance within its maximum deflection equals spring rate (R) multiplied by the deflection (D) and divided by the effective area (A): P= RD/A. Get Started! Select a bellows from the Stock Bellows Data List or complete the Bellows Specification Form. The effective area tolerance is representative of the variation in the convolution outside diameter (the convolution inside diameter is fixed and cannot be modified). The first element refers to the material; the second represents the outside diameter of the tubing used to form the bellows; the third identifies the wall thickness of the tube; and the fourth indicates the spring rate. Bellows should mostly work in compression, 20% extension max. As seen above, for finite length expansion joints, the lateral and bending stiffnesses are related by the equation: Because of this exact relation, and since the length is known, the user can only enter one of these two values. Note that it may be difficult to tell what kind of relief valve is installed from the external appearance of the relief valve. This tolerance is specified at 10% and normally purchased at 5%. Care must be taken to not over stress thin-walled necks. The wall thickness can be modified under certain conditions. 0000013308 00000 n are a core sealing technology whose installation has grown dramatically, as use expands to a variety of innovative sealing technologies such as high temperature-, non-contacting gas lubricated- and corrosion- resistant seals. 0000087879 00000 n 0000024317 00000 n 1 0 obj In most cases, multiple convolutions are required to provide sufficient flexibility to accommodate theexpected expansion and contraction of the piping system. Squirm occurs when the convolutions are unrestrained from sideways movement, the necks are fixed, and the bellows is subjected to internal pressure. 112 0 obj <> endobj xref At this pressure, severe permanent deformation of convolutions takes place, possibly rendering the bellows useless. To avoid squirm, the bellows designer must limit movement capacity and flexibility to a level that insures that the bellows retains a conservative margin of column stability beyond the required design pressure. 0000087918 00000 n 0000171117 00000 n Custom tolerances of 0.0005 or less are possible. Flexibility of the bellows is achieved through bending of the convolution sidewalls, as well as flexing within their crestand root radii. WebBellows Theoretical Axial Spring Rate Spring Rate For N=6 (total convolutions) Ktotal in series Required Parameters for all Curve Constants rm 2rm/w Fatigue Life Calculations The flange neck diameter is typically 75% of the convolution outside diameter (Column 3). 0000025610 00000 n Bellows 101 - Senior Metal Bellows For the design of oval and rectangular bellows the EJMA code only The welded metal bellows assembly (Figure 1) performs several functions: Welded bellows have specific advantages, including: Deciding that an edge-welded metal bellows seal is optimal for your application is not the end of the selection process. 2472 Eastman Avenue, Unit 29 0000096894 00000 n HV]oG}_1OU" 4j$\ 49% When pressure is increased, the bellows will lose stability and eventually enter into the form of a U bend. The recommendations given for pipe guides represent the minimum requirements for controlling pipelines which contain expansion joints and are intended to protect the expansion joints and pipe system from undefined external forces which could cause system failure. 0000008164 00000 n Web1/F = 1/D + 1/B where F = focal length, D = distance, B = Bellows Draw F = 360mm, D = 1500mm 1/360 = 1/1500 + 1/B 1/B = 1/360 - 1/1500 1/B = 0.0027 - 0.0007 1/B = 0.002 Bellows Draw = 500mm How Much Bellows Extension Do We Need ? wp^=lG=UV[*$ouL9 IlX kVs&M6[%ocZMf$ i2!h<4cmnM>mn P{ 3 X Where : F - The load (force) imposed on equipment on either side of the bellows. CAESAR II computes the other value using this equation. Metal 3D printing has rapidly emerged as a key technology in modern design and manufacturing, so its critical educational institutions include it in their curricula to avoid leaving students at a disadvantage as they enter the workforce. This causes excessive closing force, which in turn causes loss of the lubricating film between the sealing faces, excessive face heat and, eventually, seal failure. 0000003672 00000 n This is especially important in the oil and gas and chemical industries, where pumping liquid from one area to another is complicated by great temperature extremes. The bellows designer selects the thickness and convolutiongeometry to produce a bellows design that approaches, and often exceeds thecapacity of the adjoining pipe to contain system pressure at the specifieddesign temperature. Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, EJMA Copyright All Rights Reserved 2023, Up to 6 dia.- 4 ft./sec./inch of diameter, Up to 6 dia. ,|GAC0;^PCdB !=~nqAPa+OE=5}:60ed2AW=km>8|*(wb.}pE|Ne0#..8"!;0>i_ytA?pE{!x#4CI)):(|u(yq(vC~-tL"}@Do|G37CmE'+>OFS8S E#/w*t#ctGztt]ks H 3m4fdO(twa8qQo-d5|h"k"(1,J9Fd!@.ia4]ttmp/v mVA[iT6mA-MGvM6IGvk6]{mwH4O}u:CV}tVWxzk]__O%kojHuY6\:~hA~l{*~F7~'mu 0000097887 00000 n Other neck configurations are available as optional modifications for customized products. ^wi^vL*i4 HT,=6M;MBh==4A8D} i;]ajvWZtv"XLI6m:VP~FC Mt-2g0>rVh#S@,C!Q8"m7n.. 0000096855 00000 n A bellows for an expansion joint has 4 different spring rates or stiffnesses depending on the type of movement that is to be absorbed. 0000171489 00000 n Bellows are manufactured from relatively thin-walled tubing to form acorrugated cylinder. Exceeding the actual squirm pressure will cause sidewall yield that may cause an increase in spring rate and a decrease in maximum deflection. Pricing & Discounts F-yP]]oO3Obv+pc&k(L:SeiI9G$ll8!70t`&y?FPxZpn WebBellows Performance. Bellows volume capacity (less the neck inside diameter) is effective area multiplied by the convolution free length (L): V=AL. %PDF-1.4 I am a little confused about the bellows expansion joint spring rate. The minimum free length or maximum compressed length of convolutions is equal to the convolution free length (Column 7) minus the maximum deflection in compression (Column 8). Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. wG~M:3RiQ'2xr)i}f\Ax>o]%xy1 Force required to compress the bellows (within its specified range) equals the spring rate multiplied by the travel. V^}l{Wo'LxO/7gf(RKf?^, Login. The actual flow velocity should be multiplied by 4 to determine if a liner is required per the above guidelines. Nested height of bellows should have a trailer <<34AAB7DF68CE433082D5460068FC1437>]/Prev 467905>> startxref 0 %%EOF 177 0 obj <>stream For more info about our engineering services specially our piping stress analysis, please contact us and our pipe stress engineers will help you. The dimension will vary slightly when compressed or extended. 76 0 obj <> endobj If P is more than 1423 psig, up to and including 3223 psig, Kn is calculated. stream ^wi^vL*i4 HT,=6M;MBh==4A8D} i;]ajvWZtv"XLI6m:VP~FC Mt-2g0>rVh#S@,C!Q8"m7n.. (A) Mean Effective Area (square inches) is the dead weight or force in pounds required to compress a bellows one inch. Stock tolerance is typically held to +0.050 -0.010. x}k]wU?ow*:|TzJUmI{WjiHV&rH pw.xz.o_o_wNByp[qrRqQ'}x}}28-Wo}{-3A-Ic|/oP?%84&=pF2?}>"Y6 a) ~m2I[a< C;s R@Fa)ivMWUju8V#if5i"S\w6xvKuU8c20s5R@7hp,\]KJG-x-djN K}M3 Z*T Y` wQY>fh !9lX+lZJ$@n)20R]uU^X!&R{`mP>>To}A)C(@SD%%Rdbd) #rJ F.R*TeI(}#0g)$\,3>J4iIvRraECS!,UmJ^,9q Tolerance on production runs average 0.001. Additional guides may be required based on guide spacing tables that consider diameter and system pressure. Root Neck*: R necks can be made on one or both ends of any bellows. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The neck of a bellows is located on both ends of the convolutions and is used to attach mating parts. Flow liners are installed in the inlet bore of the expansion joint to protect the bellows from erosion damage due to an abrasive media or resonant vibration due to turbulent flow or velocities which exceed: Expansion joints that are installed within ten pipe diameters downstream of elbows, tees, valves or cyclonic devices should be considered to be subject to flow turbulence. NASA Technical Memorandum Decreasing the number of convolutions will increase the spring rate and squirm rating and decrease the maximum travel and length. Bellows Assemblies Welding Actual internal or external burst pressures are higher. 0000097856 00000 n 293 Torsional Spring Rate (in. Before you specify a metal bellows seal, you need to determine the proper pressure rating required by your application in relation to temperature, speed and sealed fluid lubricity, as well as determine if the seal is capable of handling reverse pressure, especially in dual-pressurized seal arrangements. Root necks are typically incorporated to customize the length of a stock bellows neck. For assistance contact us at (805) 644-1474. Other neck configurations are available for customized products (see Neck Types below) and neck lengths are based on customer specifications. for Engineering Services is ready to help you across Canada, USA and Arabian Gulf Area. Facilities <>>> Salzmann spring rate shape factor Specific Spring Rate . 0000002396 00000 n 0000125561 00000 n See . Face width: Narrow face width typically results in less heat generation at the seal faces. Password. 0000004024 00000 n Located inCalgary, Alberta;Vancouver, BC;Toronto, Ontario;Edmonton, Alberta;Houston Texas;Torrance, California;El Segundo, CA;Manhattan Beach, CA;Concord, CA; We offer our engineering consultancy services across Canada and United States. The main and By theoretical analysis using linear, thin-shell theory, it has been shown that tilting the bellows axis drastically reduces stress at the welds and heat-affected zones. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. Already a member? 2023. Bellows Design Guide - MW Components j> +z2:%?YA~'P\X|,Lc.M(6AV70@k$"X) 112 66 is the dead weight or force in pounds required to compress a bellows one inch. Production runs average 0.001. *;T]W!B,,7Cf)eAadL:{7E0GXB Y]dRmVCYPZ{dBy'N3sTWnk,5 :$.g} WebDiaphragm bellows feature high specific expansion compensa- tion(up to 80 % of the production length) and very low spring rates. 4 0 obj The first pipe guide must be located within four pipe diameters of each side of the expansion joint and a second guide placed within 10-14 pipe diameters of the first guide. 0000042855 00000 n EXPANSION JOINT DESIGN STARTS WITH THE METAL BELLOWS Bellows Design Calculation - EJMA 10 Calculation: MM-/2017/461 Revision:0 Supplied by: TRIAD BELLOWS DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING Client: Lateral Working Spring Rate: Axial Working Spring Rate: Bending Working Spring Rate: Limiting Column Custom tolerances of 0.005 or less are possible. Covers prevent direct contact with the bellows, offering personnel protection, as well as protection to the bellows from physical damage such as falling objects, weld splatter or arc strikes. wF1FFCl.Z% ]!6@ s\ endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>>> endobj 114 0 obj >/PageUIDList<0 692>>/PageWidthList<0 612.0>>>>>>/Resources<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 115 0 obj <> endobj 116 0 obj [/ICCBased 135 0 R] endobj 117 0 obj <>stream The spring load is preset to equal the force the inlet fluid This design principle also has been thoroughly documented in both theoretical and empirical studies conducted by an independent government-sponsored agency and verified experimentally. 0000001531 00000 n This designation is used for design information only and is dependent on the tensile strength of the forming material. Bellows HVn[9X&Emf Pipe Expansion and Support | Spirax Sarco @iv];M[zn)8Cd}uv.OC*7TKEFW|4!Pw@dG!(~;"&F Z ?,mF| BwWdY3#l%lfu1oYo>I|OE)6Y3jrgf{k'g7w.;XwJyG?Z1tMub4p~$gYZ0T\kG B4;y98573: i mn-@W}'`x)R,,|zrs=!+AM_'Gpp o'Nz6g#=f;>:[?@_y2zq"ZzIbSLFzJJ5cJrVF*C-~;PAf-h}fhd Y @: 2 C2!&qt-" ZxY&h38&L'L0I\?i2f:c?l," _ mbi_XxJ?wum}ba]ZY _j|}q8u\>a&Tl_)BS(]H? Helping solve the worlds challenges. Spring 0000100119 00000 n `R9P<=BM$he|ePAXbM%=3).%[waOB&zh|QOP9fns` $% endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream <> LITTLE P.ENG. Bellows - EJMA Custom tolerances of 5 % or less can be achieved. 0000001981 00000 n Reduction of the bellows length due to piping expansion. Limit rods are similar, however they accommodate a specified axial capability. 0000097781 00000 n In certain seal designs, the vibration dampener pad is a built-in design feature that allows protection, when needed, against potentially damaging vibrations. Formulas are listed at the end of this document. WebType of Bellows : DUAL UNREINFORCED Tag No : 11 Date of Calculation : 10/08/2011 Revision No : 43 Calculated By : Deepak G UNREINFORCE BELLOWS DESIGN Differentiating bellows features include plate shape and thickness, vibration attributes, double- or single-ply, face-angle, etc., all impact product effectiveness. hb```a``; B@1v,97L=1)Ym3t12i5_wv.sn3 vK]kEH&os%iSbIE3kC.,r0?0O#Gb+X?LpliTa?P.+IT-n69,}^F C'Z3rnTrzdlV>`uKi4c&DB " c-pfk7lwcE6P]'Z'LJ+F!#Ta?eT`P&:.4 X$ZF j(7u(SZ ?8 y/V_R##J$KSc'6wAEHxtp[_.CTyXqeiaAFM:^ap9c@~M?X(@M h=HEFn4x-]]yL$@zk]Ky"\uQ>TMB Metal Bellows Manual - witzenmann Spring 0000010578 00000 n Axial movement is prevented with the use of tie rods. Bowing or buckling at the expansion joint may occur unless the pipe is properly guided. The maximum deflection in compression is defined as the maximum compressed movement (inches) from the convolution free length position (Column 7) that will not result in permanent deformation of the convolutions. HlU]j1|S|c:FP(}HJ3M!Y4aW}{?^pLlm0|:nZQ'|DdZjsQ:Af}H\zhz5N_YziY/\5X`HGh #J@& ]E -%>[ 0000050612 00000 n endobj &h w >AlSz/B>-S>r:QWPSdAt* `E}zh #g(rY The corrugations, commonly referred to as convolutions, add the structural reinforcement '*5 #u07D8D`}=+;R I> .lr#fO9at!Bgo + wXIp|B)z I@typ0UB\p09RLWR JYxro7Ue ^kr6q -=[ Xuv endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream Thickness (inches) of the tubing from which a bellows is formed. The convolution free length is the free relaxed length (inches) of the convoluted section of a bellows and is measured from the outer faces of the end convolutions. Actual or factored flow velocities should always be included with design data, particularly flow that exceeds 100 ft./sec. These anchors are, as the name implies, intended to anchor the piping system in one direction, while allowing movement to occur from a transverse direction. Example Stock Number:SS-125-46-80 Main anchors are intended to anchor the pipe from motion in any direction. 0000097962 00000 n The squirm rating is provided for reference purposes and will vary with convolution wall thickness (within the tolerance range). Bending and lateral convolution spring rates can be computed from the axial spring rate. 0000025852 00000 n %PDF-1.5 % Figure 3: Weld bead integrity is ensured by preventing excessive root gap with bead geometry, bead thickness and roll-over control. The bellows designer considers such design variables as material type, wall thickness, the number of convolutions and their geometry to produce a reliable design for the intended service with a suitable cycle life expectancy. This bellows type is used in higher pressure applications. The nominal inside diameter (inches) of convolutions is based on the wall thickness and tooling used to form the convolutions. 0000012206 00000 n Correction of misalignment should be completed prior to installation of the expansion joints. Webis the mean diameter of bellows convolutions, with D m D b + w + n t To obtain the axial force, lateral force and moment, we have to calculate the spring constant in advance, as shown in Equations. Stock bellows necks are typically tube or cup neck configurations. 76 36 <> With a 45 tilt angle, bending stresses are directed away from the weld heat-affected zone. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. Stock tolerances are typically 0.005. Calculation of bellows spring rate In general all bellows will be calculated by the manufacturer according to the EJMA code. Temperature difference is 265 - 15C = 250C. Tube OD(inches):0.125 When multiple FSEs are present, The sweep radius is optimized at 20-25% of span (Figure 2) and it prevents a phenomenon known as oil-canning, where in/out bulging of the plate occurs like on the bottom of an oil can when it is pressed. Be sure that the bellows units are checked for leak-tight performance with helium mass spectrometry and vacuum-tested to 10. Multitude of available metallurgies and face materials: Be sure your manufacturing offers an extensive array of materials such as AM-350, hastelloy-C, inconel 718, alloy 20, monel and titanium. This results in plate rigidity, which adds reliability and reduces fatigue. "0G7NCh6(|nzU#T8#? Bellows EJ spring rate - Pipelines, Piping and Fluid 0000001616 00000 n Pressure thrust force is directed into the immovable main anchor. Experimental verification of the axial and lateral - ScienceDirect %PDF-1.6 % With the addition of expansion joints and anchors, each pipe segment now behaves like a slender column under the compressive load of expansion joint pressure thrust and/or spring force bearing against the anchors. 0000002282 00000 n (Note that torsional stiffnesses are not usually provided, since unprotected expansion joints are not designed to carry torsional loads and may fail catastrophically if inadvertently exposed to even moderate torsional moments.). f DEtn i C mbp f =17 3 3 . M = (B Covers also provide a suitable base for The stock number is used to identify each unique bellows made to standard dimensions. See . More recently, 50% balanced bellows seals have been designed to handle both inner diameter (ID) and outer diameter (OD) pressure. Ai = .1963((O-(2t*.8))+I)2. In some cases this deformation is minor and will not affect the bellows function. Design criteria include the required stroke and associated service life, which usually ranges over 30,000 load cycles. Often a low spring rate for the bellows is also required in order to achieve high switching speeds. For a "point" expansion joint, the length is unknown, so all three stiffnesses must be defined for the model, Modeling And Analysis Of The Piping System. o. Squirm is more likely to occur when the convolution free length exceeds the convolution outside diameter. Contact Our Professional Engineers for a FREE QUOTE. Bellows Brazing The Spring rate of the entire FSE is K FSE = K AS /2 When only one FSE is present then the spring rate is given by K FSE above. ?//H|GGiV/zwn ;Mt4Y`E)ei}: _&QJR|^x'c _ug5}DZd'k0=xY KfyW=W^+Ms0*;V2 lacO:r`ykP`Wg1[$9xE!1a$p{tq'y-;nr6 Is2%+ ,P^1pH+Y5h.Y5~JK?:#Hd'c Figure 1: High-temperature welded metal bellows assembly with flexible graphite secondary seals. Most standard bellows seals are typically balanced to approximately a 70/30 ratio. Welded metal bellow seals are a core sealing technology whose installation has grown dramatically, as use expands to a variety of innovative sealing technologies such as high temperature-, non-contacting gas lubricated- and corrosion- resistant seals. 0000097121 00000 n 0000004458 00000 n Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. SE #18, Calgary, AB T2A 6G9, Canada. The inside diameter (inches) of the neck is equal to the neck outside diameter minus twice the wall thickness. Bellows squirm is characterized by a gross lateral shift of the convolutions off of the longitudinal centerline. Design Guide, Overview Figure 4: A laminated metal bellows offers a significantly lower spring rate compared with single-ply plates of 2X the thickness. Plate span: Narrower plate spans typically provide greater stability under pressure than wider spans. Email. Spring rate [pounds per inch (lbs./in.)] Spring Rate (Column 9): Spring rate [pounds per inch (lbs./in.)] The flange neck length can be customized upon request. $;Yewd4q,xYlJV&79:GQ5>3\vg^gHH=* 0{rOqya=Tt|T8rT, H I:r@}2Aap@A startxref 0000110755 00000 n 0000046993 00000 n 0000113095 00000 n Repeated plastic deformation of the plates (beyond their plastic limit) during deflection can result in fatigue and greatly reduce seal life. wG~M:3RiQ'2xr)i}f\Ax>o]%xy1 HtVa1NMxaGPz3n)4/8Nv9_sXpY" m-,;Rx7],[2*ZXbex!9eV2A8cJ[>xW !S|>{d;>e' |3YGiJ 460`On4c(a`9 &_$QXeoEeb (GF3x{LBuAWAqAdK\|:y9fusEcN;.>8l4Pry1Gmu _Sf X[gUs= ^1&$u$}vod.0]Zh^cRN Small diameter compensators are available with threaded male ends, butt weld ends or copper sweat ends. Already a Member? Stock tolerance is typically 0.010. WebForce due to bellows deflection; Calculation of forces. Some insulating materials, if wet, can leach chlorides or other substances that could damage a bellows. In addition, bellows spring forces produced by deflection, friction force due to pipe movement across contact surfaces, forces and moments resulting from wind loading, bending and other influences must be considered in the design of anchors. This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. = D@z3g25cyN:saWsEFN{!z L3oT2yP$>\I+d#`1)P[9s8%IXcPChz.&*VJ f=Zs9+g'x)y\ Stock parts may be modified per customers specifications. 0000050261 00000 n Designs that have only two tie rods have the additional ability to accommodate angular rotation. WebWhat We Do. A modified stock bellows is signified by an M at the end of the stock number (e.g., SS-125-46-80M). )aG"Xc[;J-_1A>%S c]d9l sxRX=,|l00|xK+q'S]VVR#u kEPX =oE'>ws BuO-y=Gj3U-B`R@Z);#ektVWcZBz]~I95RCyKzfA+}Q;XDAB#wvBZ0|w:Im?(cv\?653!c:g*V AEzgRbKh_Tl?MqibhL@8M*S\qibie;NafL Spring Rate (lbs./in. The Stock Bellows Data List presents available neck configurations for stock bellows. Spring rate per convolution equals the spring rate multiplied by the number of convolutions. The length of a cup neck is typically measured from the inner surface of the cup to the end of the neck. 0000043679 00000 n The nesting-ripple plate shape is also more effective in achieving maximum flexing, long (axial motion) stroke with short operating lengths and a low spring rate. 0000003855 00000 n !N}_W?@~S4r]+V$~l#"_4gh9\f0U Iq]]'XwC endstream endobj 26 0 obj 868 endobj 28 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /im2 /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Width 396 /Height 160 /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace [ /Indexed /DeviceRGB 1 27 0 R ] /Length 29 0 R /DecodeParms << /K -1 /Columns 396 >> >> stream ):80. A snapshot of the Air Spring Assembly Market industry with a growth rate of 8.7% from 2023 to 2030 Published: April 29, 2023 at 7:47 a.m. ?/ ;mGvtI-4 Webused to form the Bellows, -46 = Wall Thickness (.0046), -80 = Spring Rate (80 lbs/in.). With helium mass spectrometry, the seal is evacuated internally and blanketed in helium. About Us When multiple FSEs are present, the spring rate is given by Similarly, the spring rates of two-ply bellows proved to be significantly lower than those of single-ply bellows with twice the plate thickness. ; Little P.Eng. Fifty-fifty balanced seals are able to handle reverse pressure which is an upset condition that may occur in dual seal operation. 0000110428 00000 n BELLOWS DESIGN CALCULATION - American BOA Inc. 721 Lateral Spring Rate (lbs./in.) 4hv>;(!%`A{ud"ypwao>R8x6 }"@2J!`-C}D-V.-k.#F %EA!TE(C|_F 0000049891 00000 n Perfecting Expansion Bellow Design for your Heat Exchanger Expansion Joint In most applications, design movements cause the individual convolutions to deflect beyond their elastic limits, producing fatigue due to plastic deformation, or yielding. Web3. (I) Convolution Inside Diameter (inches) Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. hGX4d (=b7[>xsQQ$Cf9PIdyZ3x LJl+3$&CL XB9($Z`Q2pH=.y m*;l.DR_L%?@7 z=, r\Zh198W>(. Tight tolerance control is achieved by applying uniform pressure on the outside diameter using a round collet while supporting the inside diameter with a standard plug gage. 2 0 obj 0000005791 00000 n EJMA Standards - EJMA Increasing the number of convolutions will decrease the spring rate and squirm rating and increase the maximum travel and length. 0000012748 00000 n Higher critical squirm pressure ratings are more desirable when bellows function is critical (greater critical squirm pressure ratings result in increased safety factor and longer bellows life).
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