Takto bombardovali Slovensko (dobov fotografie)", "The Americans and Soviets bombed Slovakia with reason / Ameriania a Sovieti bombardovali Slovensko prvom", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slovakia_during_World_War_II&oldid=1142623663, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 13:22. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Following the Japanese attack of 7 December 1941, which led to the United States actively supporting the Allies' campaign. The following is a list of equipment of the United States Army during World War II which includes artillery, vehicles and vessels. Slovakia was allowed to maintain its own army (6 divisions), and inherited the Czechoslovakian equipment stored within its borders. Slovak Armed Forces - Wikipedia Contents 1 Name 2 Creation 3 Slovak military 3.1 War with Hungary 3.2 Slovak forces during the campaign against Poland (1939) Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic - Wikipedia They helped to screen the infantry when they had to evacuate southern Slovakia after the First Vienna Award on 2 November 1938. One of the coolest parts of WW2 gaming is how many different armies, regiments, countries, etc. AR stle na nov houfnice ek", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_equipment_of_the_Slovak_Army&oldid=1150309405, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. After the start of WWII, what began for Slovakia as a proud, enthusiastic, and eager venture, would, like so many other Axis Allied Nations, eventually lead to an attempted revolt and the disbandment of all Slovak Armed forces by the Germans into harmless construction units. History, development, service, specifications, pictures and 3D model. There are a few sources for amazing cavalry out there the ones I chose are from, The Rapid Division used quite a few motorcycles and bicycles. During World War II, Slovakia was a client state of Nazi Germany and a member of the Axis powers. The Mobile Division was accompanied by a small air detachment consisting of two fighter squadrons equipped with Czech Avia B-534s and a reconnaissance group with Letov S328s. If the uprising had occurred later, when Slovak preparations were complete, the Slovak resistance could theoretically have co-ordinated with the Allies and allowed the Red Army to move quickly through Slovakia (although it is questionable whether the Soviet leadership would have preferred such an option, as this would have significantly empowered democratic forces in Slovakia). These were placed under German operational control, though the administration remained wholly Slovak. This does make a Slovak force able to be both Axis or Allies in Bolt Action or Chain of Command. But usually they are smaller size. 30s were sent to reinforce Slovakia and Ruthenia where they were used to repel Hungarian and Polish border-crossers, sometimes up to a battalion in strength. By the mid-war period many fighter groups operated a fourth Squadron, however, and this, with the 16-aircraft Squadron establishment, brought the strength of some Gruppen to 67 aircraft. Czechoslovakia (WW2) Contents: Light, medium & heavy tanks, armored cars Around 800 armored vehicles by 1938, 6800 by 1945 Tanks Kolohousenka Tankettes Carden-Loyd Mk.VI and CL-P in Czechoslovak Service koda MU-2 koda -I-d (T-32) Tank vz.33 (P-I) Armored Cars Lancia 1ZM in Czechoslovak Service WWII Prototypes KD F-IV-H That number increased to possibly as many as 60,000 in September. They were not high political leaders or even officers in the military for the most part. I draw my heritage to Slovakia before the war, so this is a pretty personal project for me. [2], The development history for the OA vz. There wasnt any flash and they even have their shoelaces sculpted awesome stuff. The Slovak Rapid Division did not have a ton of weapons but they did have the standards mortars, machine guns, etc. The eastern army had not properly organized, and was taken by surprise by around 40,000 German troops while their general was not present. Slovak soldiers on parade Small arms & hand weapons: vz. Provided by the United States during deployment to Afghanistan, after the completion of the mission US let the Slovak army keep the vehicles. If they didnt do this, Hitler would let Hungary and Poland invade and then likely clean up with Sudetenland. For the German invasion of the Soviet Union the Slovaks placed at the disposal of the Germans a light brigade of 3,500 men which was partially motorized and included a battalion of Czech light tanks (= PzKpfw 38(t) ), and an army corps of two infantry divisions and divisional troops. Another machine gun was carried inside the vehicle. According to the 1941 Census, 86.5% of these were ethnic Hungarians. The Slovak Army in World War II: the Slovak Expeditionary Army Group As a result of the heavy partisan actions against the German lines in 1943, the Slovak 12th Engineer Battalion was sent to the rear area of Army Group South, where it took part in vital rail repair operations to fix lines, cut by the Soviet partisans. Czechoslovakia was originally formed in 1918 after the end of the First World War. This was mainly because of a general lack of mobile forces able to transport the 45,000 strong Slovak Army Group alongside the German advance. A number of Slovaks were sent to Germany to train as officers and a small German Military training mission existed in Slovakia to attempt to make up for the problems with Slovakian leadership, but the problem was never fully resolved. Since 1939, Slovak forces participated in the Axis invasion of Poland and the invasion of the Soviet . The uprising began when a Jewish group, the Novaky Brigade, managed to rise up within the Novaky Concentration Camp and took it over on August 28. 30 (full name Obrnn automobil vzor 30, English: Armoured Car Model 30) was a Czechoslovak-designed armored car used by Nazi Germany, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary during World War II.Fifty-one were built, of which the Germans seized twenty-four when they occupied Bohemia-Moravia in March 1939 and the Slovaks captured eighteen when they declared independence from Czechoslovakia . Brigade Pilfousek consisted of the I/6 Mot.Inf.Bn., I/11 Mot.Art.Bn., the1st Tank Bn. The Slovak partisans were religiously, ethnically, and ideologically diverse. Czechoslovakia in World War II | World War II Database - WW2DB [14] Slovak troops were withdrawn from Kosovo because the Slovak Armed Forces set its priority to focus mainly on NATO led mission. Aircraft [ edit] Major-General Agust Malar, commander of the Slovak Mobile Division from December 1941 to July 1942, one of the two Slovak officers to be awarded the German Knights Cross. During August 1941 it was decided to send the infantry divisions back to Slovakia and to form a 10,000-strong Mobile Division and a 6,000-strong Security Division. The armor was thin and could be penetrated at close range by rifles and the ZB vz. It was sent back to the region of the Crimea for defensive operations, while the remainder of the Mobile Division was used in security operations behind the lines of Army Group South. Main page: Italian Army equipment in World War II There is only a reference to some aircraft in use in Africa, Eastern Front and other French and German aircraft received in the Italian Social Republic period; the armor and tanks were used in the Africa, Balkan and Italian areas. When Czechoslovakia was formed, the basis of power and authority lay in the hands of the dominant Czechs. After that they were relegated to security positions, fighting partisans behind German lines. The Slovak army participated in the invasion of Poland, albeit very lightly. 30s was sent to reinforce the Security Division on anti-partisan duties in Ukraine in August 1942. Mortars are all pretty universal looking, so I just used a German mortar and chose my own infantry models. Youll notice that the general infantry have puttees. Although the Slovak Uprising is often overlooked, it was one of many factors that helped the Allies win the war. Headquarters Slovak Expeditionary Army Group: Generl I. triedy Ferdinand atlo; Generl II. A number of the Security Divisions units were removed from its ranks and transferred to the 1st Slovak (Mobile) Infantry Division, including the 31st Artillery Regiment. On March 13, 1939, German Chancellor Adolf Hitler invited Tiso to Berlin. Official Homepage of the Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic Armed Forces, High Medieval Kingdom of Hungary (10001301), Late Medieval Kingdom of Hungary (13011526), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (19601990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (19901992), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ground_Forces_of_the_Slovak_Republic&oldid=1130579875, Military units and formations of Slovakia, Military units and formations established in 1993, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 3x Mechanized Companies (each with 3x Mechanized Platoons and 1x Fire Support Platoon), Fire Support Company (Anti-Tank Platoon- KONKURS mounted on OT-90, Recon Platoon & 82mm Mortar Platoon), This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 22:20. A major German counteroffensive began on October 1718, 1944, when 35,000 German soldiers entered Slovakia from Hungary (which the German military had occupied on March 19, 1944). List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II Slovak Air Force - Wikipedia After the horrible loss at Stalingrad in the Winter of 1942/1943, the entire position of the Germans in the Caucasus region was altered, as now any further advance, the south would only ensure the complete loss of all forces south of the Mius River if and when the Soviets reached Rostov in the North, thus trapping them. The 2nd Slovak (Security) Infantry Division was used mainly in security and anti-partisan operations in the rear areas of the German lines. The Germans had to double their forces in Slovakia in order to put down the uprising. Pp. 26 7.100 heavy machine-guns TK vz. Learn how your comment data is processed. In 1940, under pressure from Germany, Slovakia joined the Axis. Prelude. The Slovak Army fought on the Eastern Front as the Slovak Expeditionary Army Group. He then served in the Red Army from 1943 to 1945 when WWII ended and Slovakia was liberated from Axis control. It consisted of II/20 Inf.Reg., III/20 Inf.Reg., a few 150mm howitzers from the I/11 Art.Bn., some 37mm anti-tank guns, the 9th, and 13th light Flak Companies, and the 45 Construction Company. 30s formed one company in the Armored Battalion "Martin" formed by the Slovak Army in mid-1939, but that was reduced to a platoon by late 1939. Nevertheless, the activity of the guerrilla forces required Germany to deploy troops that could have otherwise strengthened the eastern front lines against the advancing fronts of Ukraine to the north and south of Slovakia. OA vz. 30 - Wikipedia The Mobile Division was then moved on to the areas of Maripol and Taganrog, after which it spends the Winter of 1941-42 along positions on the Mius River. Here the unit moved along the Dnieper River, through Gorodishche, Kremenchug, and Magdalinowka, where heavy fighting took place. The new state was envisioned as a nation with Czech and Slovak branches. 24 (old style) 1.600 heavy machine-guns TK vz. Malinovsky's forces marched into Bratislava on 4 April 1945. WW2 On the Eastern Front: The Slovak Fast Division Purchased from the United States during deployment in Afghanistan. triedy Anton Pulanich from 12 July 1941 (Initially subordinated to the German 17th Army, the group was transferred to control of the Befehlshaber der rckwrtigen Heeresgebiets 103 effective 8 July 1941.) 26 machine guns were not capable of sustained fire. The Division used many light 37mm AT guns. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Luckily Trenchworx was nice enough to 3D design one and then cast it for me! Such was Slovakia's lack of preparedness, that the motorised Hungarian columns initially met almost no resistance, reportedly surprising two companies of Slovaks in their beds. Slovak uniform - Page 3 - Axis History Forum The Slovak Government signed off on the decision to procure 152 BAE Systems Hgglunds Combat Vehicle 90 Mark IV (CV90 MkIV) armed with a 35mm cannon as its preferred tracked infantry fighting vehicle through a government-to-government (G2G) agreement with Sweden on 28 June 2022. For example, although the Slovaks captured several airfields, they had little ammunition for the captured German planes, so many pilots had to resort to flying outdated biplanes. Britain and France had so many different colonial forces. But it looks sweet! The total personnel strength of a Group varied between 35 and 150 members of the aircrews, and 300 and 515 ground crew. Germany attempted to further exploit Slovakia by forming Slovak divisions to send to the Eastern front. Following World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist . In the summer of 1942 twenty combat-weary Bf109Es used by the Luftwaffe in Western Europe and North Africa were the first modern fighters issued to the Slovakian Air Force. It had an observation port in the front and vision slits on both sides and the rear. When the Red Army did finally arrive, it ensured loyalty through force. The 1st Slovak(Mobile) Infantry Division, as a part of the German forces fighting in the Caucasus region, was pulled back. This was done by forming all the motorized units of the former Slovak Army Group into a single formation termed the Slovak Mobile Command, otherwise known as Brigade Pilfousek, commanded by the former commander of the 2nd Slovak Division, Rudolf Pilfousek. Father Tiso, a Catholic priest and leader of the Slovak political party, met with Hitler and his cronies and Hitler basically pressured him into declaring Slovakia an independent state and then joining with Hitler as their first ally. [1], On November 2, 1938, the First Vienna Award transferred the territories of southern Slovakia and southern Ruthenia to Hungary. This is a list of weapons used by Czechoslovakia during its interwar period (19181938). The military elements in the country (besides the Hlinka Guard, which were basically SS troopers in Slovakia) engaged in a number of clashes with German forces inside Slovakia. Although there was little response to these provocations, Germany invaded anyway on March 15, 1941. In 1947 he was brought to Bratislava, Slovakias capital, and hung. It was later merged with the 1st Slovak (Mobile)Infantry Division when it was formed into a construction brigade in June of 1944. On August 29, 1944, the Slovak National Uprising broke out after German troops invaded Slovakia. Conscripted Slovakian military units during WW2? : history - Reddit Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Slovakia in Pictures, by Francesca DiPiazza, Hitler, the Allies, and the Jews, By Shlomo Aronson, Learn how and when to remove this template message, CroatianRomanianSlovak friendship proclamation, "Death came from heaven. [2] Although Slovakia had signed a "Protection Treaty" with Nazi Germany, Germany refused to help Slovakia, in direct violation of that treaty. Yes, we are reenacting slovak army during ww2 and we are proud of it. The Capital was chosen as Praha (Prague) which was in the traditional lands of the Czech people. Soviet Russia covered so much land that the variety of forces was huge. It operates around 20 combat aircraft, as well as 10 helicopters from 3 air bases: Malacky/Kuchya Air Base, Slia Air Base, Preov Air Base. In late 1944 the Slovak people decided to rise against Germany. A hollow shell of the former Mobile Division was created in the early part of 1944. Hobby Guide: I did an Army Centre-piece model and so can you! [citation needed], On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Robert "TheChirurgeon" Jones, Thundercloud, TheArmorOfContempt and Ace, Robert "TheChirurgeon" Jones and MildNorman, Goonhammer Historicals: What a Tanker Review, incredibly official Goonhammer store on RedBubble. This page was last edited on 17 April 2023, at 11:46. This became such a problem for the Germans that they actually stopped sending Slovaks to the front. Initially, the Slovak Military was thought to be a capable and potentially a strong ally of the Germans. 58 standard service assault rifle Heckler & Koch G36 used by the 5th Special Forces Regiment The Germans surrounded both groups from December 25 and they were captured. Some specific variants: T815-7 4x4 CAP-6M1, T 815 44 MDA 41x T815-7 PRAM - as a mortar team vehicle, 5x KWZT-3 3x Tatra 815-7-D 8x8 V, 2x Tatra 815-7-D 8x8, CAPL-16M1 WWII US Army mustard wool field pants size 32 by 33 | eBay List of Czechoslovakia interwar period weapons - Wikipedia Still, by the end of the war more Slovaks were fighting for the Allies than the Axis. Most were centrist or center-right members of the Democratic Party, but Social Democrats and even Communists fought together as well. With the impending German invasion of Poland slated for September of 1939, OHW requested the assistance of Slovakia. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. It participated in the war against the Soviet Union and deported most of its Jewish population. The Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic were divided from the Czechoslovak army after dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993. I decided I want to base my vehicles going forward so they dont get damaged on the bottom and so they match the rest of the army. Military Museum Svidnk. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Slovakia during World War II was a member of the Axis Powers. There wasnt single slovak soldier shot beceause of desertion /there wasnt executions for political views either/ during ww2. However, they got something close to independence after WWI when Czechoslovakia was formed by the Treaty of Versailles. Beginning in March 1943, new Bf109G were supplied as replacements by Germany. Standard anti-tank weapon of the Slovak Army. The first group was a brigade-sized formation that consisted of six infantry battalions, two artillery battalions, and a company of combat engineers, all commanded by Anton Pulanich. Background The Slovak Republic was a puppet state established on 14 March 1939. Around July 8th, 1941, the Brigade had advanced beyond the tactical control of the Slovak command, so control of the unit was handed over to the German 17.Armee. Read another story from us: Slovak National Uprising. [7], The Germans captured one OA vz. The light tanks are all available as models in 1/56 and the vz 14/19 was used by Italians, so it is available from Warlord as well. Change of position of Slovak artillery on the Eastern Front. equipment later as older equipment wears out or becomes obsolete. Militaria. One reason the Slovak Uprising is overlooked is that during the Cold War it was difficult for Western historians to find accurate sources, as Soviet historiography was inaccurate and significantly inflated Communists role in the uprising. List of military equipment of the Czech Army - Wikipedia Above: The World War II version of the M1910 Infantry Equipment used with the M1 Rifle. Slovakia declared itself independent on the next day, 14 March 1939. In retaliation, the Germans executed several hundred suspected resistance members[clarification needed] and Jews, and destroyed 93 villages for suspected collaboration. The seventeen surviving OA vz. [clarification needed]. During the Battle of Uman (3 to 8 August 1941), a mechanized body of the Carpathian Group formed double wings encircling the 6th and 12th Soviet units. Main armoured personnel carrier of Slovak army. At the very start of possible hostilities Hungary actually started messing around with Czechoslovakia. They fought heavily with Army Group South on the push to the Caucasus. He decided that he would rather be captured by the Americans. The Air Force is currently part of the NATO Integrated Air and Missiles Defense System NATINADS. 30 u etnictva", Czech-language article on the OA vz. A later estimated death toll was 5,304; and the authorities have discovered 211 mass graves that resulted from these atrocities. [citation needed], Hungary recognized the Slovak Republic led by Tiso. Order of Battle of the Slovakian Army - Axis History Forum The Slovak Expeditionary Army Group was an element of the military forces of the Slovak Republic that fought under Nazi German command on the Eastern Front during World War II . The Slovak Ground Forces, also known as the Slovak Army, is the land specialized service branch of the Slovak Armed Forces . "Czechoslovakia '38-What If They'd Fought?" - Axis History Forum [6] Two companies defended Carpatho-Ukraine in March 1939 from a Hungarian attack, but were forced to seek refuge in Slovakia and Romania. There was a lot of changes from 1939 to 1945. Once the Panzerkampfwagen IIs that the Ministry of Defense had ordered to replace them arrived in January 1944 they were put into storage although they were still carried on the books. The majority of the Allies of World War II never recognized the existence of Slovak state. At the beginning of August 1941, the Slovak Army Group was pulled out of the lines when it was decided to form two new units that would be better suited to the actions, they would be taking part in. Alojz was a soldier in the Slovak Army during WWII and he fought alongside the German Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front after 1941. WWII US Army Field Ike jacket wool with wool Artillery First Army patch (#354725991886) c***r (151) - Feedback left by buyer c***r (151). These platoons were heavily used suppressing the protests and violence instigated by Konrad Henlein's Sudeten German Party (Sudetendeutsche Partei - SdP) and the Sudetendeutsche Freikorps (paramilitary groups trained in Germany by SS-instructors) between May and October 1938. The assistant driver sat on the left and had a small vision port for his ZB vz. Most famous Czechoslovak interwar weapon after being popularised by use by Nazi Germany in early World War II (Polish campaign to start of operation Barbarossa). Theyre well detailed and crisp. While the rebellion went well in central Slovakia, another Slovak army in the east was completely crushed the next day. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. From 1942 to 1944 only the Slovak 1st Division was kept on the front line, fighting in the Caucasus area and later in southern Ukraine. Just when you get tired of painting German Fieldgrey or playing with American special rules you can find something new to do! Slovak-Hungarian War - Wikipedia To be delivered by Germany. The eastern army had been the most well equipped and trained of the Slovak troops. [7], Approximately 60,000 of the 95,000 Slovak Jews were deported by the Nazis and sent to death camps in German-occupied Poland before 1942. 30 was captured by the Hungarians during the fighting, but they made no known use of it. This is huge and along with their unique helmet this really sets them apart and they dont really make separate heads for these guys. An order was finally placed on 6 March 1933 for fifty-one for delivery in December. The Slovak Fast Division was originally commanded by Gustav Malar, one of the original commanders from the Slovak advance into Poland back in 1939. Germanys Eastern Front Allies 1941-45 (Peter Abbott, Nigel Thomas), 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte-SS-Adolf Hitler, 9th SS Hohenstaufen from Arnhem to the end, Eastern Front 1941 and German Orders of Battle from September, Finnish Armed Forces in the Winter War 1939-40, German Orders of Battle Battle of France, German Orders of Battle Kursk July 1943, German Orders of Battle Operation Barbarossa, German Orders of Battle and the second summer offensive in Russia, German Orders of Battle April 1942 and Soviet Counteroffensives, German Orders of Battle at the armistice with France, German Orders of Battle for September 1, 1939, German Orders of Battle for the campaign in the West, May 1940, German Orders of Battle May 1942 and Operation Blue, Luftwaffe and German Airborne Forces May 1940, Luftwaffe Orders of Battle September 1942, Luftwaffe Orders of Battle September 2, 1939, 2 (armed with VZ24 rifles = Czech version of, 2 + partly motorized reconnaissance battalion, 3 + partly motorized reconnaissance battalion, armored car platoon (later transferred to Mobile Division). Around 18,000 Slovaks rose up to the fight the Germans. Light tanksVZ35,38, and40swere used on the drive to Rostov. Shawn. After the dissolution of the Second Czechoslovak Republic, many of these weapons saw combat in World War II: with the Axis Slovak Republic and with Nazi Germany after it occupied Czechoslovakia. Although Hitler and other Nazi leaders openly called for the genocide of Slavic people, which includes Slovaks, any such plans were on hold in Slovakia while the war continued. During WW1 they broke off and formed their own independent state. On October 1 the resistance army renamed itself as the "1st Czechoslovak Army in Slovakia" in order to symbolize the beginning of a Czech-Slovak reunification that the allied forces would recognize. 30 was destroyed during this battle and two others were heavily damaged. By mid-1944, they had organized and were prepared to launch a revolution. Around 18,000 Slovaks rose up to the fight the Germans. Supposedly three were destroyed during American bombing of Ploieti in the summer of 1944 while being serviced at the depot there.[14]. He led the Mobile Division across the Kuban River all the way to the region of Taupze. The total strength of the Slovak commitment in July 1941 was 40,393 men and 1,346 officers. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. By the middle of September 1941, the 1st Slovak (Mobile) Division was back in the front lines, this time near Kiev. Along with the 17th Aramta German and Hungarian army, the group directed the Slovak army deep into southern Russia. Slovakian Axis Forces in WWII - Feldgrau World War II (1939-1945) Era. Handguns: Semiautomatic Pistols and Revolvers and Submachine Guns. Although the Slovak Uprising ultimately failed, it forced Germany to redirect badly needed men and resources to Slovakia instead of either the Eastern or Western fronts. Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the delivery has been postponed. Slovak Expeditionary Army Group - Wikipedia This tank also saw use in other countries as well as the previous LT vz 35 light tank. You can see the models as theyre listed here on Emils site. The Slovak Air Force, officially the Air Force of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic, has been defending Slovak airspace since independence in 1993. The most infamous mass killings were the Kremnika and Nemeck massacres, which targeted Jews, Roma, and suspected partisans. M1923 Cartridge Belt, M1928 Haversack, M1943 Scabbard. 30 is difficult to sort out, but the Czech Army had been evaluating various Tatra truck chassis for use as armored cars since 1926 with a number of prototypes built over the years with both wooden and metal bodies to test vehicle layouts. I'm in the fortunate position to combine all my interests with my work and to live on a place of my choice, on Crete. Another twenty-three, including the prototype, were seized in March 1939 when they occupied Bohemia-Moravia. Slovakia was a very minor power, so I can understand them being overlooked. Qatar, Republic of Croatia, Reunion, Romania, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, United Arab . [3], In service they proved to have some serious shortcomings. There were similar vision ports on both sides. 30 in Romania after one Czech company of ten sought refuge there in March 1939. Used by special forces, but also to become the standard sniper rifle of the Slovak Army.
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